Faithful judgments about economic development. Economic growth and development of a test for social studies (grade 11) on the topic
Ways of economic growth
1. The director of the company Z decided to open a new production line. What of the list of the list may indicate that this is the intensive economic growth of the company Z? Write downnumbers under which they are indicated.
1) application of resource-saving technologies
2) the increase in the volume of consumed raw materials
3) Opening several assembly lines
4) retraining staff
5) introduction into the production of scientific developments
6) an increase in workers
2. Install the correspondence between examples and types of economic growth to each position given in the first column, select the appropriate position from the second column.
An example of growth
A) an increase in the volume of products due to the attraction of additional labor
B) GDP growth due to increasing production and export of raw materials
C) an increase in the volume of products due to improving employee qualifications
D) an increase in the production of agricultural products due to the input in turnover of the previously unused land
E) an increase in sales due to the introduction of new technologies for transportation and storage
Type of growth
1) intensive growth
2) extensive growth
3. The country t dominates the intensive path of economic development. What factors from listed below indicate this?
1) the growth of labor productivity
2) low inflation
3) employment growth
4) population savings growth
5) Increase the share of high-tech goods in export
6) distribution of resource-saving technologies
4. The country's economy is developing mainly extensive way. What factors from those listed below indicate this? Write downnumbers under which they are indicated.
1) high inflation
2) B. state budget The share of revenues from the sale of minerals increases
3) Course Reduction national currency
4) the growth of agricultural production occurs due to the input in turnover of new lands
5) decrease in labor productivity
6) Active attraction of additional labor from other countries
5. Select faithful judgments about economic growth and write down the numbers under which they are specified.
1. The economic growth represents a quantitative change in the country's production system
2. Extensive economic growth is accompanied by high-quality improvements in the structure and functions of a production system of one or another level.
3. Intensive economic growth occurs without a qualitative change in production systems
4. Economic growth may occur without development: the amount of goods increases, but there are no qualitative changes in production.
5. Economic growth factors, including the number and quality of natural and labor resources.
6. Select faithful judgments about economic growth and write the numbers under which they are indicated.
1. Extensive economic growth is ensured due to the more rational use of the former resource volume.
2. Economic growth promotes an increase to a certain scale limit of production, allowing to save resources and increasing product output
3. Intensive economic growth factors include an increase in physical capital of firms
4. Intensive growth factor and development modern economy is the highest quality human capital
5. Stable economic growth is possible due to the widespread introduction of innovation
7. Install the correspondence between factors and types of economic growth: to each position given in the first column, select the appropriate position from the second column.
Economic growth factors
A) commissioning of additional equipment
B) invitation of foreign workers
C) the opening of new mineral deposits
D) improvement of employee qualifications
E) enlargement of production, scale savings
Types of economic growth
1. Intense
2. Extensive
8. Select faithful judgments about the manifestations of intensive economic growth. Record the numbers under which they are indicated.
1. Economic growth was achieved as a result of a rational organization of production
2. As a result of an additional loan, the company provides an increase in production
3. The introduction of a modern, more productive production line of production contributed to an increase in labor productivity
4. The company explorations and mastering new non-ferrous metals deposits
5. The company's staff was trained in new techniques for processing information.
9. Install the correspondence between the types of economic growth and specific examples, illustrating them: to each position given in the first column, select the appropriate position from the second column.
Examples
A) a charm-producing firm hired an additional number of women to collect tea leaves on their plantations
B) the oil-producing company began mastering the new oil field, exhausting the old
C) Vegetable farm in the summer time has hired students and students to collect cucumbers and zucchini
D) the Japanese company upgraded the line for assembling cars
E) due to the use of innovative technologies in the enterprise increased productivity significantly increased
Types of economic growth
1. Intense
2. Extensive
10. Choose true judgments about economic growth and development and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1. The wealth of the country and the welfare of each citizen depends on economic growth.
2. Economic growth is a long-term tendency to increase real GDP
3. Intensive economic growth is formed by the effective use of fixed assets
4. The increase in the volume of consumption of raw materials, fuel is a factor in intensive growth
5. The factors of extensive economic growth include the use of achievements of scientific and technological progress
11. Choose true judgments about the factors of intensive economic growth and write down the numbers under which they are specified.
1. Attracting the additional workforce of the same qualification made it possible to increase the volume of products
2. Construction of new industrial enterprises Former technical level - intensive economic growth factor
3. Expansion of sowing areas with unchanged material and technical base using previously used varieties of plants contributes to an increase in the volume of harvest assembled
4. Increased production due to improving the quality of its factors, raising the qualification level of employees made it possible to produce products 1.5 times more
5. The introduction into the practice of new agricultural machines made it possible to save on a fuel - lubricants and spare parts, as a result, the cost of producing potatoes has decreased
12. Install the correspondence between development manifestations and ways of economic growth: to each position given in the first column, select the appropriate position from the second column.
Development manifestations
A) rational organization of production
B) increase interest rates on the loan
C) introducing a more productive technology line
D) exploration of new non-ferrous metals deposits
E) staff training for new information processing techniques
Economic growth paths: 1. Extensive 2. Intensive
Answers
1. 145
2. 22121
3. 156
4. 246
5. 145
6. 245
7. 22211
8. 235
9. 22211
10. 123
11. 45
1 option
- Indicate what can be considered an indicator of economic growth:
- Only real GDP
- GDP in the absolute value and per capita
- Only long-term increase GDP
- All listed
- For extensive development factors belongs:
- Improving the qualifications of workers
- Expansion of resource use
- Rational use of resources and scale savings
- Specify that from the above applies to exogenous (external) reasons cyclic development Economy:
- Monetary policy of the state
- War
- Reducing production
- All listed
4. Economic growth is a long increase:
- Nominal GNP in absolute values
- Real GDP in absolute values \u200b\u200band per capita
- Nominal GNP in absolute values \u200b\u200band per capita
- Real GNP per capita
- What type of economic growth is the involvement in the agricultural turnover of new lands?
- To extensive
- To intense
- To progressive
- To traditional
6. Labor productivity at the factory increased 2 times due to new equipment. What kind of intensive growth factor demonstrates this example?
- improving the qualifications of employees
- Scientific and technical progress
- Rational allocation of resources
- Salary of employees
7. Are the following judgments are true?
BUT . Economic development is called important changes in economic activity Countries, its economy.
B. . Economic development is characteristic of developing countries, developed states inherent economic growth.
1) just and 3) are true of both judgments
2) true only b 4) both judgments are incorrect
8. Install the order of the phases of the economic cycle, starting with the economic lift.
- Economic recession
- Depression
- Revival
- Economic growth
9. Set compliance:
The reasons economic cycles:
A) wars 1) external
B) reduction of production 2) internal
due to low demand for goods
C) changing the ratio of the cumulative
Supply and demand
D) monetary policy
E) large innovations
E) natural causes (earthquakes, etc.)
10. What is the term in the series?
Earth, labor, capital, GDP
Economic growth and development
Option 2
1. How does the GDP level have currently developed countries?
1) 5-7 %;
2) 2-3 %;
3) 5-6%;
4) 4-5%.
2. What is the goal of economic growth?
1) improving people's lives;
2) NTP;
4) alternate alternation of lifts and recessions in the movement of real GDP.
3. Extensive growth is:
1) an increase in GDP by expanding the use of resources;
2) an increase in GDP due to the qualitative improvement of production factors;
3) rational distribution of resources;
4) Cardinal changes in the economic life of the country.
4. The most important factor in intensive growth is:
1) improving the qualifications of employees;
2) NTP;
3) rational distribution of resources;
4) Saving on the scale.
5. What is human capital?
1) the number of employees;
2) per capita GDP;
3) knowledge and skills of people;
6.Fysical capital is
1) equipment and tools;
2) natural resources;
3) the number of able-bodied population;
4) Learning work.
7. What is the recession below?
1) full employment of the active population;
2) the economy is dried in place;
3) gradual growth in production;
4) Economic recession.
8. Geographic, when the longest and destructive crisis of the 20th century occurred:
1) 1981-1982;
2) 1929-1933;
3) 1980-1986;
4) 1928-1932.
9. One of the external (exogenous) causes of cyclic development:
1) the monetary policy of the government;
2) a change in the ratio of the cumulative supply and aggregate demand;
3) stains in the sun;
4) Depression.
10. What is the term appropriate to use for poor countries?
1) economic cycle;
2) economic development;
3) economic growth;
4) NTP.
Answers:
1 option
15. Economic growth. EGE tests - economics
1. Will the next judgments about the level of life?
A. The history of life in the country will increase if the increase in the real gross national product will be higher than the population growth.
B. Life in the country will certainly increase if the distribution is carried out centrally.
1) is true only
2) true only b
3) Both judgments are true
4) both judgments are incorrect
2. For extensive economic growth characteristic (-n)
1) an increase in the cost of raw materials, energy, labor
2) Improvement of the production management system
3) improving the educational and professional level of employees
4) technological progress
3.Wable internal product is called
1) organization system national Economy
2) Public need for a certain number of goods and services
3) A combination of natural and social forces that are potentially suitable for the production of goods and services
4) sum market prices all finite products produced during the year in the country
4. Will the next judgments about the meters of economic growth?
A. To the economic growth meters include GDP, GNP, National Income.
B. Government can plan GDP growth and conduct economic policiesproviding this growth.
1) is true only
2) true only b
3) Both judgments are true
4) both judgments are incorrect
5. Write the missed word.
The economic growth:
Extensive growth - an increase in internal gross Product by expanding the scale of production
Increase GDP due to production efficiency.
6. Find a concept that is generalizing for all other concepts of the series below, and write down the number under which it is indicated.
1) the consequences of globalization
2) availability of goods
3) Internationalization of Services
4) freedom of movement
5) exacerbation of problems of illegal migration
7. Select faithful judgments about economic growth and record the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) Economic growth is called an increase of the year from the year of the country's production capabilities.
2) to extensive economic growth factors include professional development of employees.
3) HA The rate of economic growth affects the quantity and quality of labor resources.
4) Economic growth depends on the effectiveness of technologies and management.
5) the intensive type of economic growth is ensured by increasing the amount of production factors used.
8. Choose true judgments about the meters of economic growth and write down the numbers under which they are specified.
1) GDP, GNP, National Income are related to the economic growth meters.
2) GDP calls the amount of products entering each monetary unitinvested in fixed assets.
3) The Government can plan GDP growth and conduct an economic policy that ensures this growth.
4) A stable GDP growth testifies to the development of the economy, improving the welfare of citizens of the country.
5) GDP is calculated only per capita.
9. Select faithful judgments about economic growth and write the numbers under which they are specified.
1) extensive economic growth is ensured due to the more rational use of the previous amount of resources.
2) Economic growth contributes to a certain amount of production limit, allowing to save resources and increase product output.
3) Intensive economic growth factors include an increase in physical capital of firms.
4) Intensive growth factor and the development of the modern economy is high-quality human capital.
5) Stable economic growth is possible due to the widespread introduction of innovation.
10. In the company Z adopted a strategic decision on the opening of a new direction for production household appliances. Find the list of confirmation list below that we are talking about the intensive economic growth of this enterprise. Record the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) Modern computer technologies are used
2) Purchased Equipment Party of the Last Generation
3) investments in innovative developments
4) improves employee qualifications
5) labor productivity increases
6) The scale of production is increased due to the opening of new workshops
11. The company adopted a strategic decision on the opening of a new direction for the production of household appliances. Find in the list of confirmation that we are talking about the extensive economic growth of this enterprise. Write down the figures that they are indicated.
1) use of modern computer technology
2) use of outdated equipment
3) Additional set of employees
12. In the country, the intensive path of the development of the economy prevails. What factors from listed below indicate this?
1) the growth of labor productivity
2) low inflation
3) employment growth
4) population savings growth
5) Increase the share of high-tech goods in export
6) distribution of resource-saving technologies
13. Write the word missed in the table
Name of the indicator
Definition
The total value of all finite goods and services produced in the year directly within the country
Gross National Product (GNP)
The total value of all the final goods and services created by manufacturers of this country during the year within the country and abroad
fourteen. . Find the operations in the list to be taken into account when calculating GDP and write the numbers under which they are specified.
1) payment of beauty salon services
2) unemployment benefit
3) Purchase "Pirate" publication
4) composer fee
5) Buying corporate bonds
15. Find the operations in the list that should be taken into account when calculating GDP and write the numbers under which they are specified.
1) housewife payment
2) Buying a new computer
3) Grandmother's gift from grandmother
4) miner pension
5) Payment of utility payments
16. Find in the income list taken into account when calculating the gross domestic product (GDP), and write the numbers under which they are specified.
1) Revenues from the sale of cookies in a private confectionery
2) Revenues from the resale of the used tablet
3) revenues received from scrap metal
4) Revenues from the sale of a party of new computers
5) revenues reversed from the sale of vegetables grown by the farmer
6) Revenues from the sale of a party of counterfeit goods
17. Find the factors of accelerating economic growth in the market in the list in the market conditions and write the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) Progress of Science and Technology
2) the increase in the number of unemployed
3) Flow of investment from the production sector
4) Administrative regulation of the economy
5) growth of educational level of employees
6) increase in production
18. Find examples in the list below illustrating extensive economic growth factors. Record the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) expansion of a taxi park
Health
3) Creating an automated telephone call processing system
4) the introduction of energy-saving technologies
5) Introduction to the installation of an additional assembly line at the factory
6) an increase in oil production
19. Find the list of intensive economic growth in the list below. Record the numbers under which they are indicated.
2) improvement of employee skills
3) introduction of new technologies
5) attraction of additional labor
20. Find the list of extensive economic growth in the list below. Record the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) mastering of virgin and departure lands
2) improvement of employee skills
3) introduction of new technologies
4) Increased investment
5) attraction of additionally workers
6) rational resource allocation
21. Choose true judgments about economic growth and development and record the numbers under which they are specified.
1) Under economic growth means an increase in the amount of money in the turnover.
2) One of the indicators of economic growth is the increase in the real gross domestic product.
3) with the transition to post-industrial society The production of goods, not services becomes priority.
4) Extensive economic growth is achieved through the development of technology.
5) Intensive economic growth is associated with the rise in labor productivity.
22. Select faithful judgments about the gross domestic product (GDP) and write the numbers under which they are specified.
1) GDP is a combination economic Resourceswhich includes key production factors.
2) GDP reflects the public need for a certain amount of goods and services necessary for the normal life support of the population.
3) GDP characterizes the total production volume.
4) GDP is cumulative market value All end products produced in the economy (within the country) within one year.
5) GDP is a system of socio-economic and legal relations that ensure the continuous process of reproducing labor.
23. Choose true judgments about economic Development And write the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) the economic development of the country has the impact of historical and geographical conditions for its existence.
2) for the economic development of different countries there are no uniform patterns.
3) One of the indicators of the economic development of society is sectoral structure Economy.
4) For economic development, both the positive dynamics of the economy and negative are characteristic.
5) The volume of GDP per capita does not characterize the economic potential of the country.
24. Install the correspondence between development manifestations and ways of economic growth: to each position given in the first column, select the appropriate position from the second column.
Development manifestations
Ways of economic growth
A) Opening of mineral deposits
B) scientific organization of labor
B) the growth of professional skill of workers
D) use of more advanced equipment
E) attraction of additional workers
1) extensive path
2) intensive path
25. Install the correspondence between examples and economic growth factors that they illustrate: to each position given in the first column, select the appropriate position from the second column.
Economic growth factors
A) an increase in the number of service personnel
B) retraining of employees of the enterprise
B) Construction of new power plants
D) replacement of outdated equipment on more modern
E) expansion of sowing
1) Intensive
2) extensive
26. Install the correspondence between factors and types of economic growth: to each position given in the first column, select the appropriate position from the second column.
Types of economic growth
A) introduction of new technologies
B) retraining of employees
C) increase in the area of \u200b\u200benterprises
D) an increase in the number of service personnel
E) additional investment in the acquisition of raw materials
1) intense
2) extensive
27. Find in the above manifestation of intensive economic growth. Record the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) rational organization of production
2) Raising interest rate on the loan
3) introduction of a more productive technological line
4) exploration of new non-ferrous metals deposits
5) training personnel to new information processing techniques
28. Find the list of extensive economic growth in the list. Record the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) use of technical progress achievements
2) expansion of arable land
3) an increase in the number of employment in production
4) Construction of new enterprises in the former technical base
5) improving the qualifications of employees of enterprises
29. In the company Z adopted a strategic decision to open a new referral for the production of household appliances. Find in the list of confirmation that we are talking about the intensive economic growth of this enterprise. Record the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) the use of modern computer manufacturing technologies
2) Acquisition of the Party of Equipment of the Last Generation
3) Investments in Innovative Developments
4) improvement of employee skills
5) improving labor productivity
6) an increase in production due to the opening of new workshops
30. What is the meaning of economists invest in the concept of "economic growth"? Attracting the knowledge of a social science course, make up two suggestions containing information about economic growth.
31. You are instructed to prepare an expanded answer on the topic "Measures economic activity" Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more detailed in subparagraphs.
32. Select one of the proposed statements, discover its meaning, denoting the problem supplied by the author (affected topic); Word your attitude to the position occupied by the author; Justify this attitude.
Economy: "Anyone who is able to raise two wheat spikes on the place where only one earlier ... deserves the highest praise; For his country, he makes much more than all politicians combined "(J. Swift)
Economy: "The Great Nation does not have our wealth, but how we use it" (T. Roosevelt)
C9.3 Economy: "Wealth is in the population, and not in the vastity of territories in vain without manuals" (M. Lomonosov).
Detailed decision Paragraph § 3 in social science for grade 11 students, authors L.N. Bogolyubov, N.I. Gorodetskaya, L.F. Ivanova 2014.
Question 1. How does economic growth affect the development of society and man? How does economic growth differ from economic development? Why does the economy develop cycles?
Economic growth is an increase in the volume of production in the national economy for a certain period of time (as a rule, per year).
The volume of fixed capital;
New technologies.
Economic growth is carried out at the expense of investment in production. It should be noted an important feature Investments: At the time of its implementation, they increase the aggregate demand, and in subsequent periods - a total proposal, since they increase the volume of production facilities.
For economic growth, scientific and technological progress is an important factor, as it allows you to use the available resources more efficiently and contributes to improving productivity.
Economic development - expanded reproduction and gradual qualitative and structural positive changes in the economy, productive forces, education, science, culture, level and quality of life of the population, human capital. Economic development includes the development of social relations, therefore proceeds differently in specific historically established conditions of technological styles of the economy and the distribution of material goods. This is the process of improving the quality of all human lives and opportunities to increase living, self-esteem and freedom.
Economic cycles - fluctuations in economic activity (economic conjuncture), consisting in a repeating compression (economic downturn, recession, depression) and expanding the economy (economic lifting). Cycles are periodic, but usually irregular. Usually (within the framework of neoclassical synthesis) are interpreted as oscillations around a long-term trend for the development of the economy.
The theory of real economic cycles explains the decline and lifting by the impact of real factors. In industrialized countries, this may be the emergence of new technologies, changing prices for raw materials. In agrarian countries - harvest or cripples. Also, force majeure situations (war, revolution, natural disasters) can be a push to change. Anticipating the change in the economic situation in the worse or better, households and firms are massively starting to save or spend more. As a result, aggregate demand is reduced or increases, and the turnover is reduced. retail. Firms receive less or more orders for the manufacture of products, accordingly the volume of production, employment varies. Business activity is changing: firms are beginning to reduce the range of products or, on the contrary, launch new projects, take loans for their implementation. That is, the whole economy fluctuates, striving to come into balance.
Questions and tasks for the document
Question 1. What is the characterized economic growth?
Economic growth factors are:
Number and quality of natural resources;
The number and quality of labor resources - labor productivity, education and vocational training;
The volume of fixed capital;
New technologies.
The listed factors contribute to the physical growth of production, but it is also necessary that the use of, or consumption that has increased GDP occurred. Therefore, growth depends on the factors of demand (increasing the level of cumulative expenses) and distribution factors ( effective use limited resources in various industries).
Economic growth is carried out at the expense of investment in production.
Question 2. Does economic growth increase tax revenues? Due to what?
Economical growth itself increases income from taxation and reduces the need for social spending, such as unemployment benefits.
Question 3. How does economic growth reduces the need for social spending?
Due to the fact that new jobs are created, unemployment decreases.
Questions for self-test
Question 1. What is understood under the economic growth of the country and how is it measured?
Economic growth is a quantitative side of development economic Systemcharacterized by the expansion of its (system) of the scale. Economic growth is determined as a long-term tendency to increase the actual output per capita. At the same time, equilibrium balanced growth, i.e., such an increase in the economy, in which the pace of development of industries or sectors of the economy internally agreed.
The most common measure of economic growth is the pace of changes in the gross national product (GNP) or gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (taking into account price changes). Increase in GNP due to higher prices current period, i.e. the change in the nominal (in price terms) of the GNP, cannot be considered as an economic growth.
Economic growth is taken to measure both in absolute values \u200b\u200band in relative (as a percentage or coefficient to the magnitude of the preceding period).
The absolute increase shows how much the level of the current period is higher or below the basic one. It can have a positive or negative sign. For example, if in this year the real GNP amounted to 120 million rubles, and in the previous 100, then the absolute increase as the difference between the subsequent and previous levels of a number of dynamics will be 20 million rubles.
The growth rate is the ratio of the subsequent level to the previous or any other, adopted by the comparison base. Growth rate always has a positive sign.
At rates of growth smaller than 100%, or units, negative growth rates are obtained. For our example, the growth rates are 120%, or 1.2 times, and the growth rate is 20%, or 0.2 times.
Question 2. Name the factors of extensive and intensive growth.
There are extensive and intensive types of economic growth. With extensive growth is achieved at the expense of a quantitative increase in the resource. The growth of the final product of the Company is accompanied by the same and even greater growth of the resources being expended.
Extensive path:
Increased employees
Increased investment (investments) when using unchanged equipment and technologies
Increase the volume of consumption of raw materials, materials, fuel, energy and other resources
Intense way:
The use of new technologies and fundamentally new techniques
Improving the level of education and qualifications of employees
Improving the efficiency of labor use, capital, all economic resources
Improving labor and production
Elimination of resource loss (working hours, etc.)
Extensive growth factors include an increase in land, capital costs and labor. These factors are not related to innovation, with new production technologies and management technologies, with an increase in the quality of human capital.
With intense type, growth is achieved due to the development and development of modern achievements of science and technology, an increase in labor productivity, recoil funds, improving the use of raw materials and materials (usually with a combination of all these factors). Intensive growth factors become predominant.
In real life extensive and intensive growth types in pure form does not exist. There is their interlacing and interaction. For example, it can occur simultaneously and the increase in the amount of labor and improving its quality or expansion of the production field and improving technical base production process. Depending on which method prevails, they speak predominantly extensive or mainly intense type of economic growth.
Question 3. How does economic growth differ from economic development?
The concept of "economic growth" is close to the concept of "economic development", but not identical to him. The growth is a component of economic development, which is understood as a process that includes periods of growth and recession, quantitative and qualitative changes in the economy. Growth is the positive dynamics of the economy. Recession - negative dynamics both the economies in general and individual phases, spheres, sectors, factors and elements.
The economic development of society is a multifaceted process covering economic growth structural shifts In economics, improving the conditions and improvement of the quality of life of the population.
Question 4. What is the system of indicators of economic development of the country?
There are various models of economic development. But with all the varieties and national characteristics, there are general patterns and parameters characterizing this process.
A variety of historical and geographical conditions for the existence and development of various countries, a combination of material and financial resourceswhich they have, do not allow to assess the level of economic development by some one indicator. For this, there is a whole system of indicators, among which are allocated primarily as follows:
The total volume of real GDP;
GDP / GNP per capita;
Sectoral structure of the economy;
Production of the main types of products per capita;
Level and quality of life of the population;
Indicators of economic efficiency.
If the volume of real GDP (GNP) is mainly the main economic potential of the country, then the production of GDP (GNP) per capita is the leading indicator of the level of economic development.
The level of economic development of the country is the concept of historical. Each stage in the development of the national economy and the world community in the case contributes certain changes in its main indicators.
Within the framework of the UN Development Program, special calculations are carried out with the help of the so-called human development index (IRCHP).
IRCHP (10) is an integral indicator, calculated as averaged value of the following three generalized indicators:
index 1x - expected lifespan (longevity), defined as the duration of the upcoming life at birth;
the index 12 - the achieved level of education, measured as a total literacy index of the adult population and the aggregate share of students enrolled in educational institutions of the first, second and third levels;
index 13 - living standards defined as a corrected real GDP per capita by parity purchasing power (PPP per dollal.).
The IRCHP is an average amount of dividing the amount of all indexes to three. The main purpose of this indicator is to show, in which direction is the development in a particular country (region) and how countries (regions) are distinguished in the accumulation and development of human potential.
Question 5. What was the characterized crises of the XIX in?
Crises were characterized by a sharp drop in production, an increase in the level of unemployment, bankruptcies of many enterprises, the fall in the purchasing power of the population.
Question 6. How can the state affect the economic cycle?
There are 2 methods of anticyclic regulation.
In the first case, a huge role has budget PolicyHere it is manipulated by expenses and taxes (if everything is bad, then taxes are reduced, and state expenses increase, if everything is fine, then vice versa).
In the second case is considered credit-money policythat is, the interest rates are changing for a loan and the amount of money in the country's turnover.
Methods of fiscal and monetary policies.
Fiscal policy is a government regulatory policy primarily in total demand. Regulation of the economy in this case occurs through the impact on the amount of cumulative expenses.
Monetary regulation is a set of specific events central Bankaimed at changing the amount of money supply in circulation, the volume of loans, level interest rates and other indicators cash circulation and loan capital market.
TASKS
Question 1. In the table below you will find indexes characterizing the standard of living of the population of subjects Russian Federation (2008). Calculate the index of the development of the human potential of these subjects and compare with the indicators in Russia as a whole.
Russia - 0.825; Moscow - (0.797 + 0.9999 + 0.991) / 3 \u003d 0.929; St. Petersburg - (0.758 + 0.9999 + 0.875) / 3 \u003d 0.877; Tula region - (0,674 + 0.892 + 0.787) / 3 \u003d 0.784; The Republic of Altai - (0.669 + 0.884 + 0.690) / 3 \u003d 0.747; Republic of Tyva - (0.591 + 0.888 + 0.671) / 3 \u003d 0.717
Question 2. Select faithful judgment. Economic growth is measured as:
a) an increase in the actual volume of national production over a certain period of time.
Question 3. Describe factors and economic growth rates.
Economic growth factors are:
Number and quality of natural resources;
The number and quality of labor resources - labor productivity, education and vocational training;
The volume of fixed capital;
New technologies.
Intensive and extensive economic growth factors are distinguished:
The extensive growth factor is implemented at the expense of a quantitative increase in the resource (for example, due to the growth of the number of employees). At the same time, the average labor productivity does not significantly change. For extensive growth factors, the law of reducing returns is characterized by an excessive increase in the resource. For example, an unjustified increase in the number of an organization can lead to an excess of labor and to a decrease in labor productivity. Also, extensive growth factors include an increase in land, capital costs and labor. These factors are not related to innovation, with new production technologies and management technologies, with an increase in the quality of human capital.
Intensive economic growth factors are determined by improving and improving the quality of management systems, technologies, the use of innovation, modernization of industries and improving the quality of human capital. The main intensive factor in the growth and development of the modern economy, both industrial and innovative, is high-quality human capital.
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Camill
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Airat.
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Leisan
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Dmitriy
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Violet
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Olesia
In the center "five plus" was engaged in two subjects: mathematics with Artem Maratovich and literature with Elvira Ravilievna. I really liked classes, a clear technique, an affordable form, a comfortable environment. I am very pleased with the result: mathematics - 88 points, literature - 83! Thank you! I will recommend everything to your educational center!
Artem
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Dima
I very carefully picked up the tutor in social science, I wanted to pass the exam for the maximum score. "Five with a plus" helped me in this matter, I was engaged in the group Vitaly Sergeevich, the classes were super, everything is clear, everything is clearly, while fun and at ease. Vitaly Sergeevich so presented the material that he was remembered by itself. I am very pleased with the preparation!
