Where was the economy of the USSR. Countries of the former USSR on ICR

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL How much Stoila cooperative apartment in USSR?

(Cooperative housing cost, approximately, the average monthly rarptta in construction industry USSR per square meter. + - 15%.

In Moscow, in the late 70s, (up to 83g, when prices rose, on average, by 30%), apartments in the house of the P-44 series cost 250 rubles per square meter.)

How many years have ever been waiting for a USSR citizen getting a free apartment?
(More than 50% of the accommodation recipients were waiting for it for 5-10 years.)

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The third schedule again gives a similar one to the previous result. Prints in leaders with a large margin from the rest of the republics, but also Georgia with Armenia occupy the honorable 4th and 5th places. Survey and here is almost in the middle of the table, possessing the second place By salary level. What kind of miracles?

N3.

ADDITIONAL MATERIALHow much did the cars cost in the USSR?
Official retail prices for a number of goods including cars
http://istmat.info/files/uploads/1Rsfsr_1990_rsfsr_1990_socialnoe_razvitie.pdf.

on products (p.178)
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+

How much did the cars cost in the USSR?

ZAZ -968M -4500

VAZ -2101 -5500

VAZ -21011 -6500

VAZ-2104 -7400

VAZ-2105-7700

VAZ-2106 -9100

VAZ-21061-9000

VAZ-2107-8500

VAZ-21074 -8900

VAZ-2108- 8400

VAZ-21081-8340

VAZ-2121 (Niva) -9800 (after Andropov's decline)

Volga GAZ24-10 -12000.

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Go to the last tablet. What is the most accuracy here? In the first three, it turned out to be a very different team. Dudah fell Lithuania, Armenia and Belarus. The foreleco from them is located the remaining Baltic republics, Ukraine and the RSFSR. Western Asian Republics and Azerbaijan have multiple indicators.
But if there is a significant lag near all financial indicators The Central Asian republics together with Azerbaijan can still be explained by their historically established economic retardation and traditionally more numerous families, the rather modest indicators of Russia, it seems to me, require some understanding.
ADDITIONAL MATERIALSocio-demographic characteristics of the population of the USSR.
Auxiliary chart N1.


http://istmat.info/files/uploads/17594/naselenie_sssr._po_dannym_vsesoyuznoy_perepisi_naseleniya_1989g.pdf p.10-19

Auxiliary chart N2.


Auxiliary chart N3.

In my opinion, the roots formed inconsistencies between the high income of the PSFSR population and the insufficiently high level of his life were in the specific domestic policy of the Soviet leadership of that time.
Such a significant discrepancy in the level of financial well-being, which suddenly was formed from Russia compared to the leader group, can be explained only by the influence of shadow financial flows. But the speculation and the shadow sector were present throughout the USSR. This statement will be fair, but not complete .. .
The fact is that the level of tolerance by the authorities to the existence of the shadow economic sector in the republics of the Soviet Union was different. If there was still any struggle on the territory of the RSFSR, then in a number of USSR republics and especially in the Republics of Transcaucasia and Central Asia, he was practically legalizedand successfully developed on for decades!
Of course, in such "exclusive" conditions, the shadow sector in these republics had the opportunity to bring much more additional income per capita than he brought in Russia.
In addition, it should not be forgotten about the huge negative consequences of numerous stripping, in relation to the most enterprising citizens of Russia during the collapse of the NEP and collectivization.
To be continued...

For many years, the official Soviet propaganda distributed the slogan to "catch up and overtake America". It is not surprising that the idea of \u200b\u200bcomparison of the USSR with the most "developed country of capitalism" was so rooted in the public consciousness that the fact of the backlog of the USSR from the United States became one of the main arguments in favor of the refusal of socialism and the beginning of "market transformations". Meanwhile, an attempt "objective" comparison of the welfare level achieved by the USSR, with the welfare of the United States and other Western countries, is encountered to many difficulties. The comparison itself on statistical data of the shower income incorrectly, if not given the views people about their welfare, as well as if it does not take into account the wishfulness of the distribution of wealth or the structure of the consumption and expenses of the country. The feeling of comfort depends on the fact that a person considers valuable. For example, for the Indians of one tribe, the iron irons were very valuable, which they kept before entering the dwelling. And China in the new time "did not peel" to the cheap consumer goods of England and sold England tea only on silver, so the British for the conquest of the Chinese market had to arrange opium wars. When we compare the welfare of the Soviet people with American, you need to be prepared and to the fact that part of Russian citizens will not agree with the proposed comparison parameters, because for them jeans are more important than milk. Many russian citizens And now appreciate the opportunity to buy milk without a queue and not getting up early in the sake of this early morning much higher than the reduction in milk consumption itself (although it is not clear whether it costs to break the economies producing so much milk to eliminate queues). What is more important - to give the opportunity to ride a canary or have very good medical service For the whole population? In addition, the monetary expression is the same (in someone's assessment) of comfort, obtained with a different way to meet the need, may be different. If any people prefer to relax more, then their income is less than that of the "work", but the life of the first, from their point of view, not worse. Yes, many Russians and now believe that they lived in soviet time 10 times worse than the Americans, but it should be perceived as a subjective assessment. At least, the statistics of their shower income does not confirm the tenfold difference. We would like to note that the organization of consumption in Russia or any other country can be based on national peculiarities, but must comply with the interests of the long-term survival and development of the country. If Russia, as a whole, does not consider the ride of his rich in Canar, the manifestation of his well-being, then this type of consumption could not be included in the statistics.

Starting from some level of income, a very large share in consumer statistics have prestigious goods, but the subjective assessment of the values \u200b\u200bof the basic goods fall sharply. Recall the situation of the 80s: the entire population is fed, dressed and stub, has a roof over his head, that is, fully provided with basic well-being. In this case, it is prestigious consumption that allows you to immediately satisfy MIM of primacy. The fact that many people in the USSR were willing to monistically overpay for jeans, modern tape recorders and similar things just indicate that they no longer valued basic well-being compared with prestigious consumption. But then the assessment of prestigious consumption at overpriced prices is clearly inadequate. Imagine that the population of one country has only basic well-being, and the population is another voluntarily pays for prestigious goods as much as spending on basic well-being. In this case, statistics show a two-time consumption difference. But in fact, it does not speak about the two-time difference of the power of the economy, since the production of prestigious goods is engaged in a small part of the population of a richer country, and not half of it. As far as further growth, the release of a really small number of additional employees of a poorer country for prestigious goods gives aboutwe have an increase in consumption growth, if we proceed from market prices. But it was precisely this situation in the USSR, the authorities of which deliberately postponed the launch of the prestigious economy until the entire population would be secured by basic well-being!

But even if you forget about the subjective assessments of well-being and focus on the figures of shower income as an indicator of the country's success, then many of the most important consumer funds inherent in the economy of Soviet socialism do not fall into statistics. Cause in a completely different type of exchange and distribution. If "free" consumption going through public funds can still be incorporated into comparative statistics, the effects associated with various pricing principles for paid goods are generally difficult to track. In general, the Japanese live poorest Germans, but the shower GDP in Japan, cash indicators, higher than in Germany. Cause - in the method of calculating GDP. Even if the natural benefits are consumed the same, the more money is spinning in the economy, the higher the so-called standard of living, calculated on the basis of shower income. At the same time two factors are intertwined. First, in countries with a higher land rental, goods and services are especially expensive, not entering the class exported and imported goods, because they cannot be exported and imported. This is, for example, heavy building materials, transport, hairdresser and utility services, hotel accommodation, services and commodity consumption. At the same time, classes of goods and services that cannot be exported-imports, as a rule, are b aboutweight part of GDP. At the same time, the exchange rate in the long run is determined primarily in the ratio of prices of exported and imported goods. The latter in countries with high land rent becomes cheaper than relative other goods than in low land rent countries. (We do not consider the size of customs duties, which make additional distortion in the exchange rate.) In Japan, you can buy a TV at a relatively low price, but a very modest room in a Japanese hotel will cost as much as accommodation costs within a few days in a hotel such same class in Germany. The overestimation of rents for property is not always eliminated by even such tricks of statistics as the crosses of the currency rate on purchasing power parity, because the set of goods can be taken inadequate. By the way, the similar effect, although to a lesser extent, gives the Russian overestimation of prices, for example, on wine, compared to its price in France. High excise taxes on alcohol also give the visible increment of GDP, as well as the land rent in the Japanese case. In general, the USSR was typical of an artificial understatement of energy prices, which gave an understatement of visible GDP, a natural indicators of the economy similar to Western countries. The same effect had to be inconquent in the price of the increase in utility in TRADE: price regulation reduced the possibilities market assessment Trade services, etc. included in Western GDP. Finally, this part of the goods and services were taken from these statistics, which were made in the "shadow" economy in addition to official figures and exchanged semiably, for example, unregistered services of music teachers at home, apartment repairs, a doctor in exchange for mutual service ( Say, the arrival of the son in the university), etc. In the statistics of GDP, the goods produced within natural economy - For example, food from household plots and cottages. All these factors, peculiar to the Soviet economy, provide obviously understated indicators of the USSR economy compared to its real successes.

Therefore, we want to warn the reader that in any statistics comparing the welfare of Soviet people and the inhabitants of the West, we must treat carefully. From the point of view of members of the Brezhnev Politburo, the level of welfare of Soviet people was quite approaching Western, because they compared the welfare of the parameters that were considered the most important for the Soviet people: the consumption of vegetables, milk and meat, housing, education and recreation, cultural development. From the point of view of some Soviet inhabitants, they consumed 100 times less than an American homeless, because, although the homeless and did not have that basic well-being, which was from Soviet people, he had jeans, and jeans some Soviet residents were valued 100 times More than basic well-being. According to state income, counted statistics on ordinary techniques applicable to capitalist economies, the US lag was twice. When creating an adequate estimate system, taking into account the moneyless consumption, the backlog may be reduced by one and a half times. From the point of view of the welfare criteria adopted by the Brezhnev leadership, the lag was minimal. According to the statistics of income per capita in the 80s, according to various estimates, the USSR lagged behind the United States 2 times, but at all slightly lagged behind Italy. In comparison with Italy, the difference in the level of consumption was, at most, more beautiful shop windows of city stores, but the life level of the overwhelming majority of the population was not lower than in Italy. And the "socialist" Czechs certainly lived noticeably better "capitalist" Italians.

More adequately comparison on natural indicators. In this case, the UN statistics, for example, reveals that in terms of food quality, the Soviet Union was in the top ten countries. We give 3 tables that compare Russia and other countries.

Table 2. The ratio of leading countries to the leading (Selishchev A.S., Macroeconomy, p.422)

A source : Russett B. U.S. HEGEMONY: Gone or Merely Diminished, and How Does It Matter? // The Political Economy of Japan Vol.2. / Ed. By Takashi Inoguchi & D.I.Okimoto. Stanford, 1988. P.87)

Table 3. Comparison of average annual income per capita in international dollars (at purchasing power parity) 1988 (Selishchev A.S., Macroeconomics, p.423)

After the collapse of the USSR, the states who received independence began their own economic Path development. Prospects, at that time seeming rainbow, not in each country were implemented. There are general and different points of development.

Location of participants of the Commonwealth of Independent States

Between countries regularly signed certain agreements. For example, within the framework of the CIS, there are many agreements that combine joint actions on various issues of economics and culture in post-Soviet countries.

For example, pension issues are governed by the agreement guaranteeing the rights of citizens of States parties to the Commonwealth of Independent States in the field of pension payments. But at this stage of cultural and economic development in terms of monetary salary and pensions, the CIS countries have significant differences that determine the flow of migrants between them.

Standard of living in the CIS countries on this moment It has discrepancies in such indicators:

• Cash revenues of the population (minimum and average salary).
• Social security of the population.
• The level of unemployment.
• Crime level.
• Environmental state.
• Development of culture.
• Political stability.
• Satisfaction of residents with the development of their country.

For example, each of the countries belonging to the CIS exist their own laws that protect consumers. The first such laws were adopted in the Republic of Kazakhstan and Ukraine. Since 1992, in Russia there is a law "On the protection of consumer rights".

Work in the CIS countries is paid differently. Leads in the CIS software. Pretty good and high. The worst of all the situation with and Tajikistan (Table 3).

C can find on our website.

Table 3. The size of the average salary in the CIS countries, Western states, USA

Regulation of pension issues

Often interested, can they receive a pension on the territory of the Russian Federation. In this case, it is usually guided by laws that negotiate all issues in this direction.

Pension legislation confirms that citizens who arrived from the CIS and having citizenship of one of its countries should be appointed pensions.

However, this happens only if they received. At the same time, international treaties talk about a friend. They give foreign citizens more rights to the appointment of pension (in comparison with the laws of Russia).

Citizens of the CIS countries, in accordance with the 1992 Agreement, arriving in the Russian Federation, have the opportunity to receive pension payments according to the workshop acquired in the USSR territory until 03/13/1992, or after this date in the countries participating in the agreement. The work experience gained in the territory of the states signed by the Agreement is equal to insurance experience.

Pension size in the CIS countries

In the first place on average pensions are Russia, Uzbekistan and Belarus. Citizens of individual countries do not even get 100 dollars. Most people receiving pension payments per 1000 people are in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. The age of possible retirement varies from 55 to 63 for women and from 60 to 63 for men (Table 1).

Table 1. Pension size and number of pensioners in the CIS

Who has the right to receive a pension in the CIS countries?

• Persons who have reached a certain age.
• Persons who lost the breadwinner.
• Disabled.
• Military, doctors, police and other categories of the population in length of years.
• Citizens who have special signs of honor for merit to the state (Table 2).

Table 2. Average monthly pension in Russia

At the beginning of 2020 amounted to 2480 hryvnia ($ 86). In the fall of 2017, a retirement reform was carried out, and in 2020 another increase was planned. In April 2018, 3% increased social pensions, which at the moment account for about $ 158.

In Azerbaijan social pension paid in the amount of $ 60, - 45 dollars, - $ 33, in Belarus - $ 112.

Housing prices in the CIS countries in 2019-2020

At the prices of housing among the CIS countries, Turkmenistan and Russia are leading. The cheapest accommodation in Tajikistan (Table 4).

Table 4. Housing prices in the CIS countries and in Western countries (for 1 sq. M)

The best cities for life in the CIS countries: Almaty, Moscow, Minsk, Baku and Bishkek. By general indicators The values \u200b\u200bof taxes, high profitability, the level of education, the cost of medical assistance to the leaders is the city of Almaty. In terms of the income level of residents, the first three cities - Moscow, Almaty and Minsk. About read on our website.

The situation in the labor market is most favorable in Minsk. Here is just one percent of the unemployed. In the city of Bishkek, the cheapest medicine. Here, a doctor's doctor will have to pay about $ 6, and, for example, in Moscow - about $ 15.

Compliance with consumer rights in the CIS

All CIS countries, with the exception of the Republic of Belarus, decided to impose the rights of consumers to already existing structural units. Only new state structures on the protection of consumers were created in Belarus.

An example of harmonious antitrust laws in the field of consumer protection is Ukraine. The economic code of this country determines that as a state, it should protect the rights and interests of business entities and consumers.

Food prices

The average food prices in the CIS countries (translated to the dollar) do not have a significant difference (Table 5). But if we consider them from the point of view of the average salary, then the situation is a bit different (Table 3 in the section The level of the middle salary in the CIS and Table 5).

Table 5. Prices for food (at the rate of 2020)

In the USSR, the standard of living has ever changed. There were periods when the population was on the verge of poverty and hunger, but for them the times came when Soviet citizens lived no worse than in developed Western countries.

The first years of the Soviet power of the Bolsheviks tried to get out of the devastation, which arose in their fault. Khrushchev described this period: "Here we overthrow the monarchy, bourgeoisie, we won our freedom, and people live worse than before. As a locksmith in Donbass before the revolution, I earned 40-45 rubles per month. Black bread cost 2 pennies pound (410 grams), and white - 5 kopecks. Salo went on 22 kopecks per pound, egg - a penny apiece. Good boots cost 6, from the strength of 7 rubles. And after the revolution, earnings decreased, and even very, the prices were greatly risen. "

Only by the mid-thirties, in the seventh year of the industrialization of the USSR was able to reach a high level industrial Development and relatively stably provide citizens with essential goods. What is important is by this time the Soviet Union among other countries managed to overcome unemployment.

Stalin's breakthrough

The main thing is that Stalin did - revived national production. On the eve of the Great Patriotic War of the USSR in terms of gross industrial products was the second state in the world, only a bit lagging behind the United States and significantly ahead of developed European countries.

After the end of the war, our state in a short time it is possible to overcome the ruin. Already in 1946, the salaries of workers and engineers employed at the enterprises and construction projects of the Urals, Siberia and Far East. The salaries of citizens with the secondary satisfaction and higher education, including doctors, teachers and researchers.

The standard of living of the USSR population by 1953 - the moment of the death of Stalin - can be assessed by relying on the materials of research of the budgets of families of workers, employees and collective farmers who conducted central statistical management (CSB). According to CSB, the most secured part of the population included employees of the enterprises of the defense industry, design organizations, scientific institutions, teachers of universities, doctors, artist workers and the military.

Of the listed groups, the highest income was among doctors: each member of their families accounted for an average of 800 rubles each month. The smallest income among the categories of the urban population was from workers industrial enterprises - 525 per month for each family member, in the peasants this income was 350 rubles. [C-Block]

After the cancellation of the card system, the government significantly reduced food prices in stores, including those that did not belong to the essential goods. For example, the cost of the cake fell from 30 to 3 rubles. More than three times the price tag and in collective farm markets decreased.

Cheap was food in catering establishments. So, lunch in a student dining room, including meat soup, second with meat, compote or tea with a bun cost only 2 rubles. Moreover, free bread always lay on the tables. Since 1949, prices decline has become the usual phenomenon, on average by 20% per year.

In 1953, the average salary in the USSR was 719 rubles or 179 dollars. With the translation to today's money - about 1600 - 1,100 dollars.

Khrushchev Thaw

After coming to power Khrushchev, the standard of living Soviet citizens continued to grow. In 1957, the salary of low-paid categories of workers and employees was elevated, and from 1959 to 1965, the average salary increased almost 1.5 times. In 1964, for the first time, the Pension Provision of Kolkhozniki was introduced, training fees were also canceled. The authorities put a lot into health care, at that time an increase in the life expectancy of the population was noted.

But the main thing that Khrushchev was remembered is the massive construction of housing. For the 1956-60s, in albeit small, but more than 50 million citizens entered their own apartments - almost a quarter of the USSR population. [C-Block]

At the same time, by the beginning of the 60s, the resources of the state for conducting a favorable social Policy Began to dry out, the new round of the "Cold War" led to the growth of military spending, failed in the economy began. Not passed for the country and Khrushchev experiments in the national economy, which led to the outflow from the country of the Golden Stock. In 1964, a tangible lack of bread and the authorities are first forced to buy grain abroad.

It is curious that Soviet underground millionaires bloom in Khrushchev times. Among them, Siegfried Gazesnfrantz and Isaac Singer, who began to be a state in the sewing production. The first bought a spacious house and hired a servant, the second loved to kut in restaurants and did not refuse himself.

Brezhnevsky stagnation

The Voluntaristic times of Khrushchev ended, which offered to catch up and overtake America, began the period of Brezhnev stagnation. And the life of the Soviet residents has stabilized. If you take into account today, the human development index today, the Soviet Union on its indicators was part of the top five developed countries World.

Living in the US, Professor Sergei Bashnikov, working in the center of composite materials of the University of Deverevsky, argued that the standard of living of Soviet people by the 80s was not only correlated with American, but in something exceeded the quality of life of 80% of the Americans of the time.

In the Brezhnev era, fertile time has come for agriculture, oil and gas industry and rocket-space industry. The average salary in the country was 120-130 rubles. In the 1970s it was possible to calmly live even on a student scholarship of 30-50 rubles. [C-Block]

But there were quite a few categories of the population that had income above average. So, the associate professor of the university per month received 250-300 rubles, the salary of metallurgists, miners, oilmen reached 500 rubles. Any worker could acquire the goods in installments or loan with a bid not exceeding 2%.

In Brezhnev times, it became available to develop personal and utility farms. "The farm is personal - the matter is common," the slogan was at that time. Excess agricultural products through the consumer system of the state of the population of the population, while the rates were 30-40% higher than when procurement of collective farms and state farms.

For the 18-year period of the Board of Brezhnev, about 1.6 billion square meters was built. M. Residential Square, where 162 million people entered. It was no longer Khrushchev small-sized, but spacious and comfortable apartments.

In anticipation of crisis

By 1985, the USSR firmly held the 1st place in Europe and the 2nd in the world (after the United States) in terms of industrial and agricultural production. The average salary for 1985 in the RSFSR corresponded to 199 rubles, in the country - 150 rubles. Regular monthly costs - payment of housing, food, transport and other necessary services - usually did not exceed 50% of the income, which allowed Soviet citizens to seriously save.

Foodstuffs in late USSR were available to everyone: no more than 3 rubles. 50 kopecks It cost a kilogram of meat, 16 kopecks - a white bread loaf, near the ruble - a dozen eggs, 36 kopecks - a liter of milk, a bottle of vodka - 3 rubles 62 kopecks. [C-Block]

The standard of living of the population remained consistently high, despite the fact that the first negative trends have already emerged in the economy. Andropov and Chernenko did not significantly affect the situation, although at Andropov and there were attempts to pour fresh blood into the country's socio-economic life.

Gorbachev Perestroika, designed to transform the face of socialism, led to completely unpredictable results. With ineptive actions of the management apparatus, the quality of life of citizens has become invariably to fall. By the mid-1990, it became clear that socialist methods of maintenance national economy Heel iliated: the country was on the threshold of market reforms.

By the beginning of 1991, prices for food goods, transport and transport were 2-4 times. utilities. Regular interruptions have begun in supplying the population, which led to tobacco, sugar and vodka crisis. Many essential goods have become available only by coupons. For the first time in a long time, the country collided with the problem of queues.

Deficit state budgetIn other words, the excess of income expenses was, according to different estimates, from 20% to 30% of gross domestic product (GDP). Unemployment and racket are the usual phenomenon. The country smoothly rolled to the redistribution of state ownership.

The USSR and the USA are two world superpower, which competed for the championship in everything since the post-war period until the beginning of the 90s of the last century. Highly an important aspect This struggle was the economy. The GDP of the USSR and the United States was particularly important. Comparison of these indicators was a rather strong tool in propaganda of both countries. But at the same time, with the help of these economic data, we can also be able to restore the state of affairs in the studied countries. So, what was the USSR GDP and the United States during their rivalry?

The concept of gross product

But before analyzing the analysis of the USSR GDP and the United States, let's find out that in general represents this concept and what kinds of it exist.

The gross domestic product (GDP) is the cost of all goods and services produced in a separate state or region. If we divide the overall GDP on the average number of residents of the territory to which it refers, then we will get a gross product per capita.

Indicators can be divided into two large groups: nominal and parity buying abilities. Nominal expressed B. national currency, or in terms of currency any other country at the established rate. When calculating GDP for parity, the ratio of currencies to each other for purchasing power relative to a specific type of goods or services is taken into account.

Comparison of economic indicators to World War II

Although the main peak of the rivalry of the USSR and the United States falls for the period after the II of World War, for the complete picture, it will be worth it to look at how it changed in the dynamics of their GDP in the first half of the XX century.

The pre-war period was quite complicated both for the economy of the USSR, and for at that time there was a restoration of the country after the civil war, which resulted in including the two strongest hungry periods of 1922 and 1932-1933, and the United States in 1929-1932 was experiencing a period His story, known as great depression.

The most economy of the country of Soviets asked for the US GDP immediately after the Civil War in 1922. Then domestic GDP made up only about 13% of the same indicator in the United States. But, in the following years, the USSR began to rise rapidly reduce the backlog. The USSR GDP prevailed 1940 was equal to $ 417 billion, which was already 44% of the US indicator. That is, the Americans at that time the gross domestic product was the amount of about $ 950 billion.

But the war started much more painfully struck the USSR economy than on American. It was associated with the fact that the fighting took place directly in the territory of the Soviet Union, and the United States fought only abroad. By the end of World War II, the USSR GDP was only about 17% of gross Product USA. But, again, after the restoration of production began, the gap between the economies of the two states began to decline rapidly.

Comparison of GDP 1950-1970

For 1950, the share of the USSR in the global GDP was 9.6%. This was 35% of the US GDP, that is, even lower than the pre-level level, but, nevertheless, much higher than the indicator of the first post-war year.

In subsequent years, the difference in the magnitude of the gross products of two superpowers, by which by that time the USSR and the USA became increasingly declining, although not such a rapid pace, as before. By 1970, Soviet GDP was about 40% of the United States GDP, which was already a rather impressive indicator.

USSR GDP after 1970

Most of all we are interested in the state of the economy of the USSR and the United States after 1970 to the end when the rivalry between them reached its maximum. Therefore, during this period, consider the USSR GDP by year. Then I do the same with the inner gross product of the United States. Well, in the final stage, we compare these results.

GDP of the USSR in 1970 - 1990. in million dollars:

• 1970 - 433 400;
• 1971 - 455,600;
• 1972 - 515 800;
• 1973 - 617 800;
• 1974 - 616,600;
• 1975 - 686,000;
• 1976 - 688 500;
• 1977 - 738 400;
• 1978 - 840 100;
• 1979 - 901 600;
• 1980 - 940,000;
• 1981 - 906 900;
• 1982 - 959 900;
• 1983 - 993 000;
• 1984 - 938 300;
• 1985 - 914 100;
• 1986 - 946 900;
• 1987 - 888 300;
• 1988 - 866 900;
• 1989 - 862,000;
• 1990 - 778 400.

As you can see, in 1970, the gross domestic product in the USSR was 433,4 million dollars. Until 1973, he grew up to $ 617,800 million. The following year there was a slight fall, and then the growth resumed again. In 1980, GDP reached a level of 940,000 million dollars, but next year a significant drop followed - $ 906,900 million. This situation was associated with a sharp drop in world oil prices. But, you need to pay tribute that already in 1982 the GDP resumed growth. In 1983, he reached its maximum - $ 993 million. This is the greatest value of the gross domestic product for the entire existence of the Soviet Union.

But in the following years, almost continuous fall began, which brightly characterized the state of the USSR economy of that period. The only episode of short-term growth was observed in 1986. The USSR GDP 1990 amounted to 778,400 million dollars. It was the seventh largest result in the world, and total share The Soviet Union in the global gross product was 3.4%. Thus, if we compare since 1970, the gross product increased by 345,000 million dollars, but at the same time, since 1982, it fell by $ 559,600 million.

But here you need to take into account another detail, the dollar, like any currency is inflation. Therefore, $ 778 $ 400 million in the 1970 prices will be equal to $ 1,092 million. As we see, in this case, from 1970 to 1990, we will observe an increase in GDP in the amount of $ 658,600 million.

This we considered the amount if we talk about GDP on parity of buying abilities, in 1990 it was $ 1971.5 billion.

The magnitude of the gross product in certain republics

Now let's take a look at how much in 1990 was the USSR GDP in the republics, or rather, how much in percentage is put in a common piggy bank gross income Each subject of the Union.

More than half into the overall boiler, naturally, brought the richest and most popular Republic of RSFSR. Its proportion was 60.33%. Then followed the second on the population and the third to the size of the territory of the Republic - Ukraine. The gross domestic product of this subject of the USSR was 17.8% of the Union-Union. In third place, the second place in the Republic of Kazakhstan (6.8%).

Other republics had the following indicators:

• Belarus - 2.7%.
• Uzbekistan - 2%.
• Azerbaijan - 1.9%.
• Lithuania - 1.7%.
• Georgia - 1.2%.
• Turkmenistan - 1%.
• Latvia - 1%.
• Estonia - 0.7%.
• Moldova - 0.7%.
• Tajikistan - 0.6%.
• Kyrgyzstan - 0.5%.
• Armenia - 0.4%.

As you can see, Russia's share in the composition of public-union GDP was larger than all the remaining republics combined. At the same time, the rather high share of GDP was also in Ukraine and Kazakhstan. The remaining subjects of the USSR - much less.

For a more complete picture, take a look at GDP today. We define whether the order was changed by the order of the former Union republics on the magnitude of the gross domestic product.

GDP size according to IMF for 2015:

1. Russia - $ 1325 billion
2. Kazakhstan - $ 173 billion
3. Ukraine - $ 90.5 billion.
4. Uzbekistan - $ 65.7 billion
5. Belarus - $ 54.6 billion
6. Azerbaijan - $ 54.0 billion.
7. Lithuania - $ 41.3 billion.
8. Turkmenistan - $ 35.7 billion.
9. Latvia - $ 27.0 billion.
10. Estonia - $ 22.7 billion.
11. Georgia - $ 14.0 billion.
12. Armenia - $ 10.6 billion
13. Tajikistan - $ 7.82 billion
14. Kyrgyzstan - $ 6.65 billion
15. Moldova - $ 6.41 billion.

As you can see the undoubted leader in GDP countries USSR remained Russia. At the moment, its gross product is $ 1325 billion, which in a nominal value even more than it was in 1990 as a whole on the Soviet Union. In the second place Kazakhstan came out, ahead of Ukraine. Uzbekistan and Belarus were also changed in places. Azerbaijan and Lithuania remained at the same places on which they were in Soviet times. But Georgia rolled noticeably, passing forward Turkmenistan, Latvia and Estonia. Recently, Moldova rushed among post-Soviet countries. And she missed forward, former in Soviet times the last on Armenia GDP, as well as Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan.

US GDP from 1970 to 1990

Now let's take a look at the dynamics of the changes in the US gross domestic product over the last period of the USSR from 1970 to 1990.

Dynamics of US GDP, million dollars:

• 1970 - 1,075,900.
• 1971 - 1 167 800.
• 1972 - 1 282 400.
• 1973 - 1,428 500.
• 1974 - 1 548 800.
• 1975 - 1 688 900.
• 1976 - 1 877,600.
• 1977 - 2,086,000.
• 1978 - 2 356 600.
• 1979 - 2 632 100.
• 1980 - 2,862,500.
• 1981 - 3,121,000.
• 1982 - 3 345,000.
• 1983 - 3 638 100.
• 1984 - 4 040 700.
• 1985 - 4,346,700.
• 1986 - 4,590,200.
• 1987 - 4,870 200.
• 1988 - 5 252 600.
• 1989 - 5,657,700.
• 1990 - 5 979,600.

As you can see, the nominal GDP of the United States, in contrast to the gross domestic product of the USSR, for the period from 1970 to 1990 continuously grew. For 20 years, it increased by $ 4,903,700 million.

Modern Economic Level of US

Since we looked at the current state of the level of gross product in post-Soviet countries, it should be found how things are about the United States. According to the IMF, the US GDP value in 2015 amounted to 17,947 billion dollars. This is more than three times more than the 1990 indicator.

Also, this value is several times more than the GDP of all post-Soviet countries combined, including Russia.

Comparison of the USSR gross product and the USA for the period from 1970 to 1990

If we compare the level of GDP of the USSR and the USA for the period from 1970 to 1990, we will see that if in the case of the USSR, since 1982, the gross product began to decline, then the United States has continuously grow.

In 1970, the Gross Product of the USSR was 40.3% of the similar state indicator, and in 1990 - only 13.0%. In the natural value, the gap between the GDP of both countries has reached $ 5.22 million.

For reference: the current GDP of Russia is only 7.4% of the US GDP. That is, in this regard, the situation, compared with 1990, was even more aggravated.

General conclusions on the GDP of the USSR and the USA

Throughout the existence of the USSR, its gross domestic product was significantly inferior to the similar US indicator. Even in the best for the Soviet Union, it was about half of the magnitude of the American gross product. In the worst periods, namely after the civil war, and before the disintegration of the Union, the level went down to 13%.

Attempt to catch up with US economic Development Failure ended, and in the early 90s of the last century the USSR stopped existence as a state. At the same time, for 1990, the situation with the attitude of the USSR GDP to the United States GDP was approximately at the level of the situation after the completion of the civil war.

GDP level modern Russia Loading behind the American indicators, which was in 1990 in the USSR. But that is, there are also objective reasons, since the composition of Russia currently does not include the republics that constituted the Soviet Union and also contributed their contribution to the stock of general GDP.