Large flour enterprises in the Siberian Federal District. National composition

Ferrous metallurgy It also has all-Russian importance. Here the largest West Siberian and Kuznetsky metallurgical plants, cast iron, steel and rolled products work here. The West Siberian plant is a monopolist in the production of railway rails. The metallurgy of the incomplete cycle is represented by the Gurieevsky permal and Novosibirsk leaf rolling factories, in Eastern Siberia - the ancient plants in Krasnoyarsk and Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky, steel smelting on machine-building factories.

In the Siberian Federal District is developed non-ferrous metallurgy . The richest reserves of copper-nickel, lead-zinc, tungstenolibdane, tin, cobalt ores are being developed.

Of great importance in the area as a branch of market specialization has aluminum production. The release of alumina on the basis of the Kiya Shalty Makele of Nefteinov is carried out by the Achinsky Combine, it provides 20% of the needs of Siberian plants in alumina. Alumina for the production of aluminum enters plants and from other areas of the country, and even from abroad. The production of metal aluminum is located near the hydrostations of the Angaro-Yenisei cascade supplying cheap electricity. These are the world's largest plants for the production of primary aluminum - Krasnoyarsk, fraternal, Sayan, Irkutsk. They mainly use imported alumina. Sayanogorsk is a plant for the production of aluminum foil. Metal aluminum Eastern Siberia is characterized by very high quality and the lowest production cost in Russia. Aluminum plant that uses new technologies also works in Novokuznetsk, aluminum rolled products are available at the Krasnoyarsk Metallurgical Plant

The polymetallic industry is represented mainly by mining and enriching lead-zinc ores. Metal zinc in small volumes is made in Belov (Kemerovo region). Mining ore and concentrate production is carried out in Altai (Altai Territory), Salair (Kemerovo Region), Goringe ( Krasnoyarsk region) Mining and processing plants, Nerchinsky (Chita region) of the Polymetallic Combine.

In Khakassia and the Chita region, approximately 80% of the molybdenum concentrate of the country are produced, and Buryatia and the Chita region produce 20% of tungsten concentrate.

The production and processing of copper-nickel and pay-containing ores is carried out on the unique complex of the Norilsk Gorngets, as well as at the Nadezhdan Metallurgical Plant (Krasnoyarsk Territory), using the energy base of the Ust-Khantai hydroelectric power plants, the gas of the Mescoye deposit and local coal.

The acute problem of non-ferrous metallurgy Siberia is the imbalance of production of production chains. For example, the release of alumina for the production of aluminum is only 29% of all-Russian production, the production of primary aluminum - 84, and aluminum rolled products - 9, the production of commodity lead-zinc ores - about 60, of which: lead concentrates - 32 and Zinc - 14, and metal zinc - only 5%.

The Siberian Federal District was formed by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2000.
Area of \u200b\u200bterritory - 5 114 800 km², which is 30% of the whole territory Russian Federation.
Administrative center SFO - Novosibirsk.

The Siberian FD includes 12 subjects of the Russian Federation:

4 republics: Altai, Tyva, Khakassia
- 3 edges: Altai, Zabaykalsky, Krasnoyarsky;
- 5 regions: Irkutskaya, Tomsk.

Among the 132 cities of the SFO largest are: Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Kemerovo, Novokuznetsk, Irkutsk, Barnaul, Tomsk, Omsk, Ulan-Ude and Chita.
According to the 2002 All-Russian Census 2002 in SFO20,062.9 thousand people, which is 13, 77% of the Russian Federation.

Mineral resources of Siberia make up:

85% of all-Russian lead and platinum reserves;
- 80% coal and molybdenum;
- 71% nickel;
- 69% of copper;
- 44% of silver;
- 40% gold.

The leading industry in economics Siberia is whose share in the total volume of industrial production of the Russian Federation is 12.4%. Gross regional Product (VRP) - 11.4% in Russia.

The leading industries of the Siberian district are:

- ;
- ferrous metallurgy;
- Mechanical Engineering and Metalworking;
- chemical and petrochemical;
- fuel;
- building materials;
- Forest and woodworking;
- electric power;
- Food and Mukomolny;
- Easy.

By virtue of the historically established conditions and geographical location of each of the 12 subjects of Siberian FD, industrial enterprises in the district are placed with different density. The mainly used developed industry is concentrated in the Novosibirsk, Tomsk and Kemerovo region, in the Krasnoyarsk and Altai Territory, as well as in the Republic of Buryatia. The basis of the economy of the republics of Tyva and Altai is predominantly agriculture and tourism.

The Krasnoyarsk Territory, due to the presence of large energy resources and significant reserves of metal ores, as well as a well-developed heavy industry, is an absolute industrial-industrial leader not only in the territory of the SFO, but also among all regions of Russia. The energy facilities of the region allowed to create the largest metallurgical complex: Krasnoyarskaya HPP - Krasnoyarsk Metallurgical Plant (KRAMZ) - -. In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, 27% of Russian primary aluminum, Norilsk Nickel manufactures 80% of nickel, 70% of Russian copper, 75% cobalt and more than 90% of the platinum group metals. Large metallurgical enterprises of the non-ferrous metallurgy industry are the Goringe Mining and Observing Plant (lead-zinc ores).

Machine-building industry in the Krasnoyarsk Territory ranks second in the number of jobs. Mechanical engineering and metalworking is carried out by civil and defense enterprises. Among the major enterprises of the region: Krasnoyarsk plant of combines, crazmash (timber trucks, wooded machines, etc.), "Karaswmash" (), "Biryusha" (household refrigerators), FSUE "Krasmash" and JSC "ISS" named after academician M. F. Reshetnyova "(Rocket and space technology)," Krasnoyarsk shipyard ", enterprises for the production of radio-electronic equipment and many others. Also in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the woodworking and pulp and paper industry is well developed, which is in third place in the number of employed working-age in production. In this industry About 400 enterprises operate, among which the largest Lesosibirsk LDK, LLC "Yenisalesozavod", "Yenisei PsBK", Kansky LDK LLC, ZAO Novoenissey LHK, Dok Yenisei LLC and others. Products of these enterprises are well known Only in Russia, but also abroad. Only for 2008, the revenue of enterprises from the sale of fiberboard, chipboard, MDF, sawn timber, fuel pellets and other products from wood amounted to 10.4 mb d rubles. In pulp and paper production and printing activities in 2008, the volume of production amounted to 3.4 billion rubles. It is planned to build more three pulp and paper plants.

In addition, the chemical and nuclear industry continues to develop successfully. Among the large enterprises are the most famous: Achinsky refinery (gasoline and petroleum products), Krasnoyarsk plant of synthetic rubber, Krasnoyarsk tire plant (air and tires), "Krasfarma" (Penicillin and DR.Medproducts), Krasnoyarsk Mountain and Chemical Combine, Electrochemical Plant and Dr.

Another industrialized area in the SFO is the Novosibirsk region, the main part of the industrial products of which falls on the enterprises of the heavy industry located in Novosibirsk, Berdsk and Iskitim. The dominant are manufacturing industries. Provides 20% of the engineering products of Siberia. The largest engineering enterprises are: "Sibelectrotherm" (Nzato), Stankosib JSC, Novosibirsk Instrumental Plant, "Sibselmash" and others.

The food industry accounts for 24.9%, in electric power industry - 18.3%, for non-ferrous metallurgy - 10%, and black metallurgy has auxiliary nature.

In the industry of non-ferrous metallurgy, OJSC "Novosibirsk Town Plant" is particularly allocated - the only plant for the smelting plant in the country, and the Novosibirsk plant of chemical concentrates specializing in the production of nuclear fuel.

There are dozens of largest centers of the military-industrial complex of Russia, among which FSUE "Novosibirsk Aviation Aviation PCALOVA", manufacturing bombers and aircraft for local air lines, FSUE "Siberian Aviation Aviation. S. A. Chaplygin, ", GUP according to Novosibirsk Instrument-Building Plant and others.

The basic components of the economy of the Kemerovo region are the coal industry and metallurgy, represented by the Novokuznetsky aluminum plant, large plants of ferrous metallurgy Novokuznetsk ( ), Gurieevsk and Jurgi. The largest enterprises of the coal industry are located in Mezhdurechensk, Prokopyevsk, Belovo, Leninsk-Kuznetsk.

The main industries of the Khakassia industry are associated with hydroelectric energy and aluminum production (Sayan Foil, Khakassky Plant and Sayan Aluminum Plant is one of the three largest aluminum plants in Russia). The Khakassia Energy System consists of: Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, which includes the most powerful in Russia (up to 6,400 MW), the Yenisei Cascade of HPP, Main Power Plant (capacity 321 MW) and three CHP total with a total capacity of 300 MW. Also in the region is carried out coal production (Chernogorsk branch and LLC "Coal Company" Size of Steppe "). Mechanical engineering of Khakassia is represented by "Abakanagonmash", producing more than 5% of the Russian production of freight cars, experimental, steel-based, container factories.

In the Republic of Buryatia, the leading sector of the economy is the industry, the basis of which is about 147 large and medium-sized non-ferrous metallurgy, engineering and metalworking, forest, woodworking and pulp and paper industry, electric power industry, fuel, lightweight and food industries. Among the largest industrial enterprises are worth noting:

OJSC Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant, producing and exporting aviation equipment;
- State Unitary Enterprise "Ulan-Ungi Locomotive Mail Repair Plant";
- CJSC Ulan-Ustralmost, producing bridge metal structures;
- OJSC "Baikal Forest Company";
- OJSC "Ulan-Ude Instrument Union".

From the industries in the Tomsk region, the most developed fuel (including oil production), mechanical engineering, chemical and petrochemical industries.

In the industry of the Altai Territory, leading roles occupy mechanical engineering and the food industry. Among the largest enterprises of the region: "Altai Carriage Plant", Altai Motor Plant, BarnaulTransash, Altai Tractor Plant, Altai FNPC, Altaicox and others. Less developed chemical and petrochemical industry.

The Trans-Baikal Territory is the main resource database of Russia's nuclear industry. Here are large enterprises to develop uranium fields such as "PPHHO" and JSC Techsnabexport.

The structure of the Omsk region industry consists of 33.4% of the fuel and energy industry, 26.7% of the food industry, 15.3% of engineering and metalworking, 14.9% of the chemical and petrochemical industries, as well as light industry enterprises, for the production of building materials and Dr.

Technoparks have been successfully operating in the Siberian Federal District, created within the framework of the federal program for the creation of technoparks in the field of high technologies. Technoparks are called upon to unite research organizations, business centers, industry facilities, educational institutions and exhibition sites. Among the most famous technoparks of the Russian Federation in the territory of the SFO are located: West Siberian Innovation Center for Oil and Gas (Tyumen), Novosibirsk Technopark (based on Academgorodok), Kuzbass Technopark, Technopark IRSTU (Irkutsk).

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Introduction

The Siberian Federal District occupies about 30% of the territory of the Russian Federation, is located between the economically developed European part of the country and the Far East.

In the interdistrict territorial division of labor, the Federal District specializes in the production of fuel and electricity, black and non-ferrous metallurgy products, mechanical engineering, chemistry, harvesting and processing of the forest, the billet of the fur. These are the branches of the market specialization of the district.

The economic system of our country consists of economic regions, which are territorial combinations of productive forces - production and territorial complexes. Each economic area is inherent in its combination of interrelated enterprises, which arises in accordance with the natural and economic conditions of the districts, its transport and georphic position. The modern economic district is a holistic territorial part of the country's national economy, which has its own production specialization, other internal economic ties. The economic district is inextricably linked with other parts of the country with public territorial division of labor as a single economic integer with other bonds.

To improve the level of development of the country, the economy as a whole, employment and others, it is necessary to carefully analyze every federal district separately. This topic is urgent as well as the transitions to the market relations and the developing trend of the economic independence of the regions the situation of the Siberian Federal District is relatively stable. The region can provide its further socio-economic development at the expense of finances forming on its territory.

The Siberian Federal District is one of the most important agricultural regions of Russia. It specializes in the cultivation and processing of grain, the production of various livestock products.

Thanks to the large-scale development of the natural resource potential over the past 3-4 decades, Siberia has become the main energy and raw material base of the country. The development and placement of the leading industries of the SFOs are essential factors for building the foundation of the financial sustainability of the state. Due to the export of mineral resources and products of their processing, Siberia provides almost 67% of foreign currency revenues.

The composition and place of the Siberian Federal District in the country's economy. Features of Economomico-geographical position

siberian economic region industry

Education date - May 13, 2000. The Siberian Federal District includes 12 constituent entities of the Russian Federation (from January 1, 2007, Taimyr (Dolgano Nenets) Autonomous Okrug and the Evenki Autonomous District are part of the United Krasnoyarsk Territory. From January 1, 2008, the Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous District is part of the United Irkutsk Region.

The territory of the SFO is 30% of the territory of Russia, the population is 20.06 million people. Siberia is concentrated on the territory of Siberia: 85% of all-Russian lead and platinum reserves, 80% of coal and molybdenum, 71% nickel, 69% of copper, 44% of silver, 40% gold. The gross regional product is 11.4% of Russian GDP. The share of the district in the total industrial production of the Russian Federation in 2001 amounted to 12.4%. The share of SFO in the total length of the Railways of Russia is 17.5%.

The total territory of the district is 5114.8 thousand square meters. kilometers (30% of Russia's territory). The length of the territory from north to south is 3566, and from west to east - 3420 kilometers. In the north, the SFO borders with the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, which is part of the Tyumen region, in the West - with the Tyumen region, Yama-Lo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Districts, in the East - from the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Amur Region, south - with the republics of Kazakhstan, Mongolia and the PRC. The length of the state border in the SFO is 7269.6 kilometers.

The Siberian Federal District includes 12 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, including:

4 republics (Altai, Buryatia, Tyva, Khakassia)

3 Territories (Altai Territory, Transbaikal Territory, Krasnoyarsk Territory)

5 regions (Irkutsk region, Kemerovo region, Novosibirsk region, Omsk region, Tomsk region)

The center of the district is the city of Novosibirsk.

The Siberian Federal District is located in the territory relating to two economic districts. The district unites the southeast part of the West Siberian Economic Area and the East Siberian Economic District.

Land resources:

59.0% of land under the forests;

8.1% - swamps;

11.1% - agricultural land;

3.3% - water objects;

18.5% - other landmarks.

Of all the land under deer pastures - 11.0%. The total forest area is the total area of \u200b\u200bthe Forest Foundation - 371,899 thousand hectares;

Including the area occupied by coniferous rocks - 190 268 thousand hectares; - The overall stock of wood for the root - 33 346 million mI.

The population of the Siberian Federal District is 20.7 million people. (4.3% of the country's population). Its main part is concentrated in the south. The average population density is 3.4 people. on 1 - km, but due to uneven placement, the population density ranges from 1 person. 1 km and less in the northern parts of the districts to 50 people. by 1 km in Kuznetsk a hood. From the subjects of the Federation, the Krasnoyarsk Territory is different - 1.3 people differs in the smallest average density. per 1 km, the highest - Kemerovo region -31.4 people. for 1 km.

National composition

Russians - 87.38%

Buryats - 2.13%

Ukrainians - 1.86%

Germans - 1.54%

Tatars - 1.26%

Tuvintsy - 1.20%

Kazakhs - 0.62%

Belarusians - 0.41%

Khakasi - 0.36%

Altai - 0.33%

Chuvashi - 0.31%

Azerbaijanis - 0.30%

Armenians - 0.30%

District is bordered

In the north - with the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, which is part of the Tyumen region;

In the West - with the Tyumen region, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District;

In the east - with the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Amur region;

In the south, with the Republic of Kazakhstan, Mongolia, the People's Republic of China.

The Siberian Federal District is one of the most important producers of Russia's agricultural products. It specializes in the cultivation and processing of grain, the production of various livestock products.

The importance of the Siberian Federal District is enhanced by its special geopolitical situation, by virtue of which the region is not only an integrating link between the Far Eastern Economic Area and the European part of the country, but also the "bridge" between the foreign Europe and the Asia-Pacific region.

Natural resources:

The basis of the region's economic complex is its unique natural resource potential. In the SFO, 85% of all-Russian lead and platinum reserves are concentrated, 80% of coal and molybdenum, 71% nickel, 69% of copper, 44% of silver, 40% gold.

Thanks to the large-scale development of the natural resource potential over the past 3-4 decades, Siberia has become the main energy and raw material base of the country, the foundation of the financial sustainability of the state. Due to the export of mineral resources and products of their processing, Siberia provides almost 67% of foreign currency revenues.

Sectoral specialization SFO is related to its natural potential. Leading industry of the district economy - Industry: Black and non-ferrous metallurgy, light, chemical and petrochemical, electric power industry, construction materials manufacturing, engineering and metalworking, fuel, forestry and woodworking, fur fishery, food and flourish industry.

The territory of the Siberian Federal District is very rich in oil and gas. In Western Siberia, the Gaza deposits of the Vasyugan oil and gas district - Myajdinskoe, North-Vasyugan, Luginetskoy. In Eastern Siberia, small deposits are open at the top Lena, the natural gas of the messeni field in the lower reached by Yenisei.

In Kuznetsk and the Gorlovian basins, the development of energy and coking coal is being developed. The scale of mining Kuznetsky pool is a leading in the country. From it, coal comes to the European part of Russia, goes to export. The coals of the Canadian-Achinsky basin are also used for the production of electricity, on the basis of which the Kansky-Achinsky territorial production complex is formed. The most important coal reserves are Nazarovsky, Irsha Borodinsky, Berezovsky. At the coals of the Kansky-Achinsky pool, Nazarovskaya GRES, Berezovskaya GRES_1.

District hydropower resources are huge; Eastern Siberia is especially rich in them. The hydropower potential does not have world analogues not only in its shared reserves, but also at their high concentration. Reserves are estimated at 848 billion kW * h. Powerful sources of hydropower - the River Yenisei, Angara, Ob and Irtysh. The region has both water reserves. Lake Baikal is located on its territory - the largest lake of the lake of the land, which is the national domain of Russia.

In the Siberian Federal District there are significant reserves of iron ores. Mountain Shorey, Kuznetsky Alatau and Altai are rich in magnetites with an iron content of 40-45% (Sheregesh, Tashtagol, Insk, Beloretskoye). In the southern part of the West Siberian iron ore basin, the geological reserves of the Buffaceanese deposit (38% of iron) are estimated at 110 billion tons of iron ore. In Eastern Siberia, the main part of the reserves of iron ores is dispersed in small fields, which significantly increases their operation. Angaro-pit iron ore pool in the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory (deposits Nizhneangskoe, Ishimybinskoe, Odilongovskoe) belongs to the number of major. In the Angaro Ilimsk Iron Up Basin, large deposits of Korshunovskoye and Rudnogorsk are highlighted. Stocks of iron ores are also available in Khakassia, Transbaikalia. Favorable combination of iron ores with resources of nonmetric raw materials for ferrous metallurgy: limestone, dolomites, refractory clays, magnesites, etc. Dr.).

Mineral resources

On the territory of Siberia are concentrated:

85% of all-Russian lead and platinum reserves;

80% coal and molybdenum;

71% nickel;

44% of silver;

40% gold.

Fuel and energy resources

Siberian fuel and energy resources are huge. The reserves of coal, according to various estimates, range from 3.8 to 4.4 trillion. T, potential hydropower reserves - about 1 trillion. kW * h. Numerous coal deposits contain a variety of quality and quantities, the conditions of occurrence of coal. Among them are distinguished by unique geological reserves, quality and conditions for the location of stone coal of the Kuznetsky pool. Coal reserves are estimated at 600 billion tons, the power of the formation is on average up to 4 m, and individual layers are up to 20 m, coals have a high calorific value - up to 8.6 thousand kcal / kg, differ in low ash and sulfur, they are relatively shallow what makes it possible to develop them not only for mine, but also open way.

The value of the basin is high and due to the presence of coking coals (approximately 30% of all stocks), which are deficient technological fuels for ferrous metallurgy. The vintage composition of the pool also has no analogues. The cost of mining of coking coal in the pool is the lowest in the country. The value of Kuzbass in the economy is difficult to overestimate - this is the main coal pool of Russia.

The other borogonal Canco-Achini pool also belongs to the number of unique. The total coal reserves are 600 billion tons. The pool stretches 800 km, its width reaches places 200 km. Coal layers with a capacity of up to 100 m sit down shallow and almost horizontally, which allows the use of the most economical, open method of production. The high concentration of coal reserves will create 200 powerful quarries with a total annual extraction of 1 billion tons of the Kansky-Achinsky basin - energy, their calorific value - from 2.8 to 4.7 thousand kcal / kg; They are minorolins (6-12%) and low-separators (less than 1%), but contain an increased amount of moisture (21-44%), at low temperatures in winter they are miserable, and when drying are crumbled into dust, the ability to self-turn is acquired and therefore it is a little adapted to transport , it is profitable to use in place. The pool is located in the most affected and economically developed part of Eastern Siberia - along the Trans-Siberian railway line, which made it possible to start its intensive use. The largest coal deposit in the West - Berezovskoye, Nazarovskoye, Uryupinskoye, Itatoe, in the East - Irsh Borodino and Abanskoye.

Other coal deposits of the Siberian Federal District have intra variation. Among them should be noted the Gorlovsky swimming pool, the Irkutsk pool with stone coals of the Cheremkhovsky field and the brown coals of the Azey field, the Minusinsky pool in Khakassia, the Kharanora field in the Chita region, Tugun and Gusinoozero in Buryatia.

Agriculture:

The most important sectors of agriculture in the SFO are animal husbandry, grain production, vegetable growing. The county belongs to the first place in Russia for the extraction of valuable fur animals: proteins, sables, ermine, silver-black fox, blue sand.

The share of the district in the total agricultural production of Russia in 2001 - 16.2%. The most important branches of agriculture: animal husbandry, grain production, vegetable growing. The production volume of agricultural products in 2001 - 161875 million rubles, including products:

Retroothesis - 83933 million rubles;

Livestock - 77942 million rubles.

Gross Regional Product, per capita income (% of the Russian Federation)

Leading branch of the SFO economy - industry.

Gross Regional Product - 715.2 billion rubles. (or 11.4% of the VRP in Russia).

Gross regional product per capita - 34.5 thousand rubles. (in Russia - 43.3 thousand rubles.)

River and lakes.

Russia is one of the most water-related countries of the world. The country has one of the world's largest stocks in the world. Surface water occupy 12.4% of the territory of Russia. We will reveal the role of rivers in the economic life of the Siberian Federal District.

Ob - River in Western Siberia, the longest river in Russia. The river is formed in Altai fusion of the rivers Bii and Katun. The length of the misty of the fusion is 3650 km (from the source of Irtysh 5410 km). In the north of the river flows into the Kara Sea, forming the bay (about 800 km long), which is called the Obba lip.

Obi basin area is 2990 thousand square kilometers. According to this indicator, the river ranks first in Russia. Ob is also the third in the aquityiness of the river of Russia (after the Yenisei and Lena).

The Obska Sea (as locals called him) is a place of rest to many Novosibirsk, there are numerous recreation centers on its shores. Tourists come here from neighboring regions.

About 50 species and subspecies of fish live in the waters of Ob and Ob lips, half of them has industrial value. The most valuable types: core, sterlet, Nelma, Muksun, Tugun, Sig, Pel'l. Objects of fishery are mostly particle - pike perch, pike, is, pour, bream, ears, roach, karasi, perch.

One of the largest rivers of the world - Yenisei. River length from a merger

Big Yenisei and Small Yenisei - 3487 km, from the sources of Small Yenisei - 4287 km, from the sources of Big Yenisei - 4123 km.

Also in the Siberian Federal District are such rivers as a tour, Tobol, Irtysh, Ishim and others.

Baikaml - Lake of tectonic origin in the southern part of Eastern Siberia, the deepest lake on the planet, the largest natural reservoir of fresh water.

The lake and coastal areas are distinguished by a unique variety of flora and fauna, most of the types of endemic. Local residents and many in Russia are traditionally called Baikal by the Sea.

The lake stretches from north to southwest by 636 km in the form of a giant crescent. Baikal width ranges from 25 to 80 km. The length of the coastline is 2 100 km.

The water surface of the lake is located at an altitude of 455.5 m above sea level, the lower point of the basin lies at 1,186.5 m below the world's ocean level, it makes the Baikal bowl also the deepest mainland cavity.

Water reserves in Baikal just gigantic - 23615,390 km. (about 19% of world stocks of fresh water - in all fresh lakes of the world contains 123 thousand km. Water). According to the volume of water reserves, Baikal ranks second in the world among lakes, yielding only the Caspian Sea, however, in the Caspian Sea, the water is salty. In Baikal, water is more than in all together with five great lakes and 25 times more than, for example, in Lake Ladoga.

According to the Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2,630 species and varieties of plants and animals live in Baikal, 2/3 of which are endemics, that is, they only live in this reservoir.

Forest resources:

Forest resources are extremely important for the economic development of the Siberian Federal District. Especially large stocks of forest resources in the East Siberian part of the district, they are estimated at 28 billion mI. Very favorable for use in the national economy, their natural and age composition: coniferous rocks are dominated, 80% of the total - ripe and overripe forests. In the south of the West Siberian part of the Federal District, small-scale rocks are also widely represented. Forests of the county rich fur.

The Siberian Federal District is characterized by a high share of the urban population. The urban population is concentrated in large cities and industrial centers (Murmansk, Arkhangelsk, Cherepovets, Petrozavodsk, Sevodvinsk, Syktyvkar, Vastroug, Vologda). Low population density in Tundra and the German Autonomous District. The highest density in the Vologene region, the southern part of the Komi Republic and the Arkhangelsk region. This is due to the peculiarities of industrial development and with the natural conditions of the national economy. In the southern part of the district rural population significantly higher. The national composition of the population is dominated by Russians (over 80%). The Ukrainians, Altai, Shorents, Buryats, Tuvintsey are relatively numerous. On the territory of the district lives the nations of the North: Evenks, Selkup, Kets, Ngasana, Dolgans, etc.

The age composition is characterized by a high proportion of young working age ages. But despite this region a deficient for labor resources. This factor is hampered by the economic development of the region. The introduction of benefits does not compensate for the severe socio-economic conditions of the population, therefore in the region there is a high migration and flow fluidity. Placement of labor-intensive industries for these reasons is limited. In the future, a fundamental improvement in the living conditions of the region's population is relevant to carry out active labor-saving policies.

Demographic problems - low population density, uneven population deployment, lack of labor resources for the development of natural riches of the region, the strong lag of the social sphere, which does not contribute to the consolidation of migrants here, the high mobility of the population, the lack of personnel qualifications for the development of complex industries.

Industrial district complex. Development and placement of industries of market specialization

The leading sector of the economy of Siberia is the industry, whose share in the total volume of industrial production of the Russian Federation is 12.4%. Gross Regional Product (VRP) - 11.4% in Russia. The districts are developed in the district such as fuel industry, energy, black and non-ferrous metallurgy, engineering and metalworking, the forest and woodworking industry, there are more than 200 research and development and development centers of the Siberian branches of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

By virtue of the historically established conditions and geographical location of each of the 12 subjects of Siberian FD, industrial enterprises in the district are placed with different density. Basically, well-developed industry is concentrated in the Novosibirsk, Tomsk and Kemerovo region, in the Krasnoyarsk and Altai Territory, as well as in the Republic of Buryatia. The basis of the economy of the republics of Tyva and Altai is predominantly agriculture and tourism.

The basis of the formation of the economy of the Siberian Federal District is the fuel and energy complex, it belongs to the most important area-forming role. The market specialization industry is the coal industry. In Kuznetsky and Gorlovsky basins, the development of energy and coking coal is being developed. The scale of mining the Kuznetsky pool is leading in the country. From here, coal comes to the European part of the country, goes to export. For the production of electricity, the angles of the Canadian-Achinsky basin are also used, on the basis of which the Kansky-Achinsky territorial production complex is formed. Due to the high concentration of reserves and conducive to the development of the open method, the largest coal cuts are built here: Nazarovsky, Irsh Borodinsky and Berezovsky. In the near future, the capacity of the Berezovsky cut will significantly increase and a large new incision "Borodinsky_2" will be built. The pool has excellent coal production technical and economic indicators: here the lowest cost and the highest productivity in the industry. On the coals of the Kansky-Achinsky basin, one of the largest Nazarovskaya GRES, Berezovskaya GRES_2 works. Further concentration of such large thermal power plants in a small territory may have serious environmental consequences. Therefore, new energy technological methods for using the coal of the Kansky-Achinsky basin are being developed. First of all, this is the enrichment of coal, allowing to transport high-calorie fuel to other regions of the country: in Transbaikalia, east of Western Siberia, to the North Caucasus and in the Volga region. The task of developing and implementing a new technology for obtaining liquid synthetic fuel from the coal of the basin is rated.

The industry of market specialization in the area is hydropower. Hyroelectric power plants of the Angaro-Yenisei Cascade - Bratskaya (4.5 million kW), Ust-Ilimskaya (4.3 million kW), Krasnoyarskaya (6 million kW), Sayano-Shushchenskaya (6.4 million kW) belong to the largest in the country and the world. The Boguchanskaya HPP is being built, the average specialist hydropower plants is designed. Hydropower capacities in Eastern Siberia are much higher than thermal power, which makes the power system unstable in low-water years. In the West Siberian part of the district, thermal energy, using coal resources and natural gas Ob-Irtysh, prevails sharply.

Black metallurgy also has all-Russian importance. Here the largest West Siberian and Kuznetsky metallurgical plants, cast iron, steel and rolled products work here. The West Siberian Plant is a monopolist in the production of railway rails.

In the Siberian Federal District, non-ferrous metallurgy is developed. The richest reserves of copper-nickel, lead-zinc, tungstenolibdane, tin, cobalt ores are being developed.

Of great importance as a branch of market specialization has aluminum production. The release of alumina on the basis of the Kiya Shaltyra field of the Nekhlinov is carried out by the Achinsky Combine. It provides 20% of the needs of Siberian plants in alumina. Alumina for the production of aluminum enters plants and from other areas of the country and even from abroad. The production of metallic aluminum is timed to the cheap electricity of the Angaro-Yenisei cascade hydraulic stations. Krasnoyarsk, fraternal, Sayansky, Irkutsk - the world's largest plants for the production of primary aluminum. They mainly use imported alumina. Sayanogorsk is a plant for the production of aluminum foil. Metal aluminum Eastern Siberia is characterized by very high quality and the lowest production cost in Russia. The aluminum plant that uses new technologies also works in Novokuznetsk, aluminum rolled products are available at the Krasnoyarsk Metallurgical Plant.

The polymetallic industry is represented mainly by mining and enriching lead-zinc ores. Metal zinc in small volumes is made in Bedovo (Kemerovo region). Mining ore and concentrate production are carried out in Altai (Altai Krai), Salair (Kemerovo region), Goringe (Krasnoyarsk Territory) Mining and processing plants, Nerchinsky (Chita region) of the Polymetallic Combine.

The rolling industry is represented in the Siberian District of Sherlovogorsk (Chita region) by the GOK, giving 6% of the tin concentrate. Metal tin (approximately 80% of all-Russian production) produces the Novosibirsk tin, which is mainly used by Far Eastern concentrates. In Khakassia and the Chita region, approximately 80% of the molybdenum concentrate of the country are produced, and Buryatia and the Chita region produce 20% of tungsten concentrate.

The production and processing of copper-nickel and pay-containing ores is carried out on a unique complex of the Norilsk Metallurgical Combine, as well as at the Nadezhdan Metallurgical Combine that use the Ust-Khantai hydroelectric power plant, the gas of the Mescoyek field and local coal.

The acute problem of non-ferrous metallurgy of the Siberian District is the imbalance of production of production chains. For example, the release of alumina for aluminum production is only 29% of all-Russian production, the production of primary aluminum - 84%, and aluminum rolled products - 9%, production of commercial lead-zinc ores - about 60%, the concentrates from them produced: lead - 32% and zinc - 14%, and metal zinc is only 5%.

Siberian non-ferrous metallurgy is poorly focused on providing intraregional needs, and mainly works to export to the Urals, European North, Central Russia and export. Currently, export-oriented enterprises, such as aluminum plants. Norilsk Combine basically solved its production and financial difficulties And successfully function in market conditions, while mines and Goki were in an extremely difficult position. They are significantly (2-2.5 times) inferior to countries of far abroad in the content of the useful component (lead, zinc, tungsten, molybdenum) in ore lost traditional support from the state budget; As a rule, they are distinguished by morally outdated equipment and high wear of equipment, the high cost of production. The reduction in domestic demand also plays a latter role. To solve the problems of the industry, it is necessary to create vertically integrated structures, which have already appeared in the country, for example, the Siberian-Ural aluminum company.

The forestry complex of the Siberian Federal District has interdistrict importance. All major sub-sectors are widely represented here: logging, woodworking, pulp and paper and wood chemistry. The forest industry has rich in both the volume and quality of the raw material base for most of the territory, but logging is carried out mainly along rivers and railway highways. The estimated forest sector is used by 10-20%, in contrast to European districts, where this indicator is 50-60% or more.

In the West Siberian part of the Federal District, Tomsk, Kemerovo Region, the Altai Territory are allocated. Among the timber industry centers - Tomsk, Asino, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Barnaul, Biysk. In Eastern Siberia, the scale of the timber industry complex is especially large, it gives 22% of the exports of wood and produced by Russian timber. Large LPKs are built in Bratsk, Ust-Ilimsk, Lesosibirsk, Yeniseisk. Many industrial centers have wood processing plants. In Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Achinsk and Nazarov produce furniture, in Usolye-Siberian - matches. Centers of the pulp and paper industry - Krasnoyarsk, Bratsk, Baikalsk, Selenginsk, Ust-Ilimsk. It is necessary to note the absence of the pulp and paper industry in the West Siberian part of the region. One of the directions of the forestry - the production of ethyl alcohol for the production of artificial rubber and the subsequent production of tires received considerable development in the district, the complex of production is located in Krasnoyarsk, Tomsk.

There is a disproportion in the functional structure of the timber industry complex: 80% of the products are on logging, the "upper floors" is poorly developed, therefore the production of paper, furniture in the structure of the complex is negligible, the main part of the forest is exported in raw form. The sectoral scheme for the development of a timber industry complex provides for an advanced increase in the production of cardboard, paper and cellulose and rationalization of its structure. During the years of economic crisis, there was a sharp reduction in logging volumes (3 times in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The Irkutsk Region, 10 times in Buryatia, Tuva), which is associated with a reduction in effective demand in Russia and in the countries of neighboring countries, rapid growth of transport tariffs , cost of equipment, vehicles, energy. The industry has very high depreciation of fixed assets, and in connection with the crushing of the industry in the process of privatization of the property, small enterprises do not cope with production and financial problems, which they lack resources. The problem of rational use of forest resources, the introduction of low-waste and waste-free technologies is worth the problem of the introduction of low-waste and waste-free technologies, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich at times reaches 2.5 million km, is poorly fighting forest pests. Due to the wide use of long-term lease in the region, work on reforestation is not carried out.

An important branch of the market specialization of the district is furry. The region owns the first place in Russia for the extraction of such valuable fur animals, like protein, sable, ermine, silver-black fox, blue sands and others. For breeding of the fur beast, animal farms were created. Cellular animalism was especially important. The area is the famous Barguzin State Reserve, which contains work on the settlement of a sable, to grow its tribal breeds and rationalization of fishery. In recent years, the ondate fishery has received a large development; Work is underway to expand the feed base for ondatra by artificial breeding of swamp vegetation. The industry has an export value.

The high level of development is the chemical industry, which has cheap raw materials and fuel. A huge role in its development also plays a production combination factor. For example, in Kemerovo, large coke-chemical production, production of nitrogen fertilizers, plastics, medicines were formed on the basis of the processing of Kuznetsk coal; In Belov on waste of non-ferrous metallurgy - sulfuric acid production. Presented in the region and operating on its own raw materials petrochemicals and related production; Large centers - Omsk and Tomsk. Coals and petrochemical complex in Angarsk produces in addition to liquid fuels lubricating oils, organic chemistry products. Achinsk also built an oil refinery. Oil on these enterprises comes through a pipeline from Western Siberia. In Cheremkhov, on the basis of the extracted coal, a half-cell is produced, from which nitrogen fertilizers are obtained in Achinsk. The complex of electrochemical industries is allocated by Kuchuk, Mikhailovsky, located in the Altai Territory, and in Eastern Siberia - Usolye-Siberian and Winter, where the canteen salt, caustic soda, liquid chlorine on the basis of local mineral deposits. In the Siberian Federal District there are all conditions for the intensive development of the chemical industry, which can be a branch of market specialization.

In industry building materials, the leading place occupies the production of cement. New cement production technologies are used on the basis of combining with thermal power and chemical production.

Light industry is represented by the following industries: Woolen: (Ulan-Ude, Chita, Chernogorsk), Silkova (Krasnoyarsk, Kemerovo), Cotton (Barnaul, Kansk), Kozhevny (Omsk, Novosibirsk, Chita, Angarsk, Chernogorsk), shoe (Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk ), Fur (Krasnoyarsk, Ulan-Ude, Chita).

Due to the extreme natural and biological conditions, agriculture is concentrated in the southern zones of the Federal District, along the Trans-Siberian highway. Nevertheless, the importance of agricultural production in the region is one of the most important areas of grain production and animal husbandry. In the west of the district in the structure of farmland, arable land prevails, and in the east - hayfields and pastures. Grain production is characterized by high efficiency in the West Siberian part, where the share of grain comes up to 70% in the structure of sowing areas. The main culture here is a spring wheat, also grown rye, oats, barley, buckwheat. In Eastern Siberia, grain will mainly go to the fodder needs, here the main branch is animal husbandry. County animal husbandry also has significant territorial differences; If in the west of the district, it is mainly represented by dairy and milk-meat cattle breeding and pig breeding, then in the east - half-rigorous and fine-rigid sheep, meat and meat and dairy cattle breeding.

Zonal specialization of agriculture has the following main features. In Tundra and Forestandre reindeer herding developed; For the northern and average taiga zone, hunting (especially furry) and focal agricultural production according to the valleys of rivers are characterized; In the most favorable agriculture, the southern taiga zone, a forest-steppe and steppes are there are some differences in specialization between the Western and Eastern parts. In the western part with the best conditions of moisturizing, milk-meat cattle breeding are developing, grain production. To the east as the climate dryness increases, sheepship and meat and dairy cattle breeding predominate, the grain production is much weaker, for example, in Transbaikalia. Agricultural suburban areas are developing around industrial centers, specializing in the production of milk, vegetables, potatoes. In the northern and eastern part of the district, agriculture only partially ensures the population required products Nutrition.

Industrial production SFO is characterized by a stable economic growth. Industrial production index in 2007 amounted to 103.4%, 2007 - 104.6%. The basis of industrial production SFOs are the organization of processing industries. Industrial production index in the first half of 2008, by type of economic activity "Mining mineral mining", "manufacturing production", "Production and distribution of electricity, gas and water" compared to the first half of 2007 amounted to 107.4%.

Modern problems and main directions of innovative socio-economic development District

Before the Federal District, today there are serious problems that complicate its further development. These are socio-demographic problems - low population density, unevenness in placement (mainly along the Trans-Siberian highway, in the south of the district), lack of labor resources for the development of natural wealth, the strong lag of the social sphere, which does not contribute to the consolidation of migrants, high mobility of the population, insufficient The level of qualifications of personnel for the development of complex industries.

Other problems - uneven placement of production potential (85% concentrated in the south of the region), inside inter-sectoral disproportions, weak implementation of resource-saving technologies (currently from 30 to 50% involved in the economic turnover of resources is irretrievably lost), very low rates of fixed funds, necessity Technical modernization of production. Crisis phenomena are due low level The complexity of the development of the region, the underdevelopment of industries that complement the complex and infrastructure. The local food base is not well developed to ensure the needs of the region (it seems possible at the expense of its own resources to satisfy the needs for vegetables by 70%, milk at 80, meat at 85, grain products and potatoes by 100%). The possibilities of foreign economic relations to strengthen the economic potential of the Siberian district are used incompletely, it is necessary to further attract foreign investment, the organization of joint ventures, the development of enterprises on a compensation basis.

In the context of the transition to market relations and the developing trend towards the economic independence of the regions, the situation of the Siberian Federal District is relatively favorable. The current specialization is effective. The region can provide its further socio-economic development at the expense of finances forming on its territory. The crisis phenomena in the region's economy are primarily connected with a low level of complexity of production. As the main directions of the further development of productive forces, it is possible to distinguish: the deepening of specialization in the fuel and energy industry of black and non-ferrous metallurgy and the forest industry, improving their structure through the development of the "upper" floors, the introduction of scientific and technological progress. The development of chemical industries, especially the production of potash and phosphate fertilizers, chemical soda, chlorine, magnesite. It requires an increase in the capacity on the hydropower plants of the district - Krasnoyarskaya, fraternal, Irkutsk, thermal - Berezovskaya, Gusinoozerskaya. The development of energy institutions with other regions, the growth of the fuel and energy base due to coal and oil, the preservation and ascent of mechanical engineering and metalworking due to the development of the aviation industry, transport, mining engineering and the effective conversion of the military-industrial complex, the further formation of Kansky-Achinsky and Sayan territorial production Complexes, large-scale development of the Udokan field: copper ores and the formation of an industrial node. The development of the Transbaikal Fuel and Energy Commission will be able to fully ensure the domestic energy needs of the territory, will help create new energy-intensive production (non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises, chemical and pulp and paper industries), develop mechanical engineering for the field of market specialization of the area, using the powerful industrial potential of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and Irkutsk Areas, defense enterprises in Transbaikalia. The future provides for the creation in the south of Evenki and the north of the Irkutsk region of the new base for oil and gas production. Further development of the light industry area should be focused on the use of local raw materials produced by agro-industrial and chemical complexes. In the field of agro-industrial complex, in order to reduce dependence on the importation of food products, agriculture is coming in the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and in the Republic of Khakassia, the development of animal husbandry in Tuva, Buryatia, Chita region, the development of the integration of agriculture with the processing industry. Inseutively stand in Siberia and the problems of the development of the transport network, especially in the direction of the south - north, expansion and qualitative improvement in production housing, cultural and consumer construction.

As the main directions of development of productive forces, it is possible to distinguish the deepening of specialization on fuel and energy, black, non-ferrous metallurgy and forest industry, improving their structure by introducing the achievements of scientific and technological progress. Perspectively developing chemical production. It is necessary to develop the ENTER-binding Siberia with other regions, the growth of the fuel and energy base due to coal and oil, the rise of engineering and metalworking due to the development of the aviation industry, transport, mining machinery and the effective conversion of the military-industrial complex, the further formation of Kansky-Achinsky and Sayansky complexes. Further development of the light industry area should be focused on the use of local raw materials produced by agro-industrial and chemical complexes. It is necessary to develop the agro-industrial complex in order to reduce dependence on the importation of food products. The development of the integration of agriculture with the processing industry, the development of the transport network, the expansion and qualitative improvement in the production, housing, cultural and consumer construction.

In Siberia, there is increasing problems of environmental protection and rational use of resources. The natural complexes of the region are very wounded, which is associated with the slowdown in the processes of recovery and self-purification in low temperatures. Powerful industrial development of the territory has negative consequences for the nature of the region. The most important problems of rational environmental use and environmental protection arise in connection with the pollution of the air pool, with the pollution of the water basin by industrial and domestic wastewater, a molepole of the forest. Of particular importance is given to the protection of Lake Baikal, the role and uniqueness of which are expressed in the huge reserves of fresh water, its purity. There is a special environmental management mode. Environmental protection in the area is paid great attention, but the problem is not removed, but, on the contrary, in connection with the accelerated development of the riches of the SFO, it will increase.

The environmental situation on the territory of a number of regions of the Siberian Federal District remains unfavorable, and the degree of pollution of the natural environment is high, the result of environmental pollution is a decrease in soil fertility, degradation and desertification of land, the death of plant and animal peace, the deterioration of the quality of atmospheric air, surface and groundwater. . In the aggregate, this leads to disappearance from the face of land of whole ecosystems and biological species, worsening public health and a decrease in the life expectancy of people.

The problem of air pollution is one of the most acute environmental issues of the district, because The bulk of the population lives in areas where the concentrations of pollutants in the air regularly exceed the maximum allowable levels. Pollution of the atmosphere in many cities of the district is the result of an extremely high concentration of various industries. Concentration of industrial enterprises near residential areasFrequently repeated meteorological conditions, unfavorable to dissipate emissions, determine the high level of contamination of the atmosphere. According to the Specialists of the State Administration in the field of environmental protection DGK on the SFO for a number of years, there has been a high level of air pollution in 20 County cities, including: Bratsk, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Krasnoyarsk, Omsk, Ulan-Ude, Chita, etc.

One of the major environmental problems of the region is pollution of the natural environment with the products of exploration, production, transportation and refining oil. As is known, the loss of oil and products of its processing during mining, transportation and use during the year reaches 2% of the total. The extremely tense environmental situation has developed and exacerbated in the territory intersectable by trunk oil and product pipelines due to the high accident rate of their linear part and the auxiliary equipment that have developed regulatory terms. Mass character has gained cases of intentional destruction of pipelines equipment, with the purpose of the rush to theft of fuel. At the same time, according to specialists, elimination of such violations as pollution of land, failure to comply with the obligations to improve and protect land, damage and the destruction of the fertile soil layer often requires a long time and significant funds for recovery activities.

Conclusion

In this term paper The development and placement of industries of the Siberian Federal District was considered. The overall characteristics of the Siberian Federal District, its population and labor resources are given. The geography of the industries of the economic complex has been studied. Disclosed problems and prospects for the development of the district. The map shows the placement of industries of the Siberian Federal District, transport communications.

The issue of the importance of the Siberian Federal District is considered. Here are the most important foci of the Russian economy, without which Russia's development is simply impossible. The SFO refers to the most promising areas of the country, in addition, it should be noted in all pros and cons. Thanks to the large-scale development of the natural resource potential, Siberia has become the main energy and raw material base of the country, the foundation for the financial sustainability of the state. Due to the export of mineral resources and products of their processing, Siberia provides almost 67% of foreign currency revenues. Sectoral specialization SFO is related to its natural potential.

The Siberian Federal District is the main transport node of Russia.

In connection with the "shock" industry, the ecology of Western Siberia suffers. And, although those responsible for these persons try to improve the situation, the problem still remains pretty acute.

In the region, today there are significant serious problems complicating its further development. This is primarily socio-demographic problems - population density, unevenness in accommodation, lack of labor resources for the development of the natural wealth of the region, a complex demographic situation, the strong upset of the social sphere, which does not contribute to the migrants, high mobility of the population, lack of personnel qualifications for development for development complex industries.

With the transition to the market relations and the developing trend of the economic independence of the regions, the position of the Siberian Federal District is relatively stable.

The region can provide its further socio-economic development at the expense of finances forming on its territory.

Bibliography

1. Belokrylova O.S., Kiseleva N.I. Regional Economics and Management: Tutorial. - M.: Alpha_m, infra_m, 2009.

2. Glushkova V.G. and Symagin Yu.A. Federal Districts of Russia. Regional Economics: Tutorial. - M.: Knourus, 2009.

3. Glushkova V.G. Ecological and economic problems of Russia and its regions: a tutorial for students of economic universities. - 3_e ed. - M., 2007.

4. Keanov V.V. The federal districts of Russia are a step in managing the state. - M.: Economy, 2000

5. Regional Economics: Textbook for university students studying in the specialties of the economy / ed. prof. T.G. Morozova. - 4_e ed., Pererab. and add. - M.: Uniti-Dana, 2006.

6. Regions of Russia. The main characteristics of Subjects

Russian Federation 2009. Statistical compilation. - M.: Rosstat,

7. Symagin Yu.A. Territorial organization of the population and economy: Tutorial. - M.: Knourus, 2009.8

8. Wikipedia website: [Electronic resource] http: //ru.wikipedia

9. Website Sanatorian club [Electronic resource] http://www.smsrsenclub.ru/

10. Website Siberian Federal District [Electronic Resource] http://www.sibfo.ru/

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Siberian Federal District

The Siberian Federal District (SFO) in the number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation takes 2nd place after the Central Federal District and includes 16 subjects of the Russian Federation:

4 republics (Altai, Buryatia, Tyva, Khakassia);

2 edges (Altai, Krasnoyarsk);

6 regions (Irkutskaya, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Chita);

4 autonomous districts (Aginsky Buryat, Taimyr, Ust-Orda, Evenki)

By area of \u200b\u200bterritory SFO ranks first among other federal districts. The territory of the SFO - 5114.8 thousand square meters. km, which is 30% of Russia.

The length of the territory from north to south is 3566 km; From west to east - 3420 km. In the north of the district, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District is bordered, which is part of the Tyumen region; in the West - with the Tyumen Region, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District; in the East - with the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Amur Region; In the south - with the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Mongolia, the People's Republic of China.

The length of the state border is 7269.6 km, including:

With the Republic of Kazakhstan - 2697.9 km;

With the Republic of Mongolia - 3316.2 km;

With the People's Republic of China - 1255.5 km

In terms of population SFO is inferior to the central, southern and Volga federal districts and is 20.5 million people (19.8% of the population of Russia), while the proportion of the urban population in the total population of the district - 70.5%; rural - 29.5%, men - 47.4%, women - 52.6% as applies to age groups, the population of SFO is distributed as follows:

Younger than working age - 19.8%;

Able-bodied - 62.1%;

Older working age - 18.1%.

Representatives of more than 130 nationalities live on the territory of the district. The population density is relatively small: 4.0 people. per quarter. km. According to the Russian Federation, this indicator is 8.4 people. per quarter. km.

The overall coefficient of natural loss of the population in 16 subjects of the Russian Federation SFO (for 1000 people of the population) in 2001 amounted to 4.7 (in Russia: - 6.5). Natural population growth in 2001 was noted in 6 subjects of the Russian Federation SFO - Republic of Altai, Republic of Tyva, Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets), Agini Buryat, Ust-Ordinsky and Evenki Autonomous District.

Natural resources. The SFO has a huge natural resource potential, occupying the first places in the reserves of almost any kind of mineral raw materials. 85% of all-Russian lead and platinum reserves, 80% of oil, 80% of coal and molybdenum, 71% nickel, 69% of copper, 44% of silver, 40% of gold, are concentrated on its territory.

Table 1 - Share of Siberian FDs in stocks and mining of mineral resources,%

Minerals	Total for the Russian Federation	Stocks	Prey
Oil + condensate



Iron Ore
Manganese ores
Chrome ores






Tungsten
Molybdenum

Zirconium



Potash salts

Phosphorites
Fluorspar



Platinoids

The total area of \u200b\u200bthe Forest Foundation is 346321.7 thousand hectares (31.1% of the Forest Fund of the Russian Federation);

including coniferous rocks area - 187161.3 thousand hectares. The total stock of the main forest-forming breeds - 31058.17 million cubic meters. m.

Land resources are distributed across the territory of the SFO as follows: 59.0% of land under forests, 8.1% - swamps, 11.1% - agricultural land, 3.3% - water bodies, 18.5% - other land.

Of all the lands under deer pastures - 11.0%.

The hunting grounds of the SFO make up - 30.7% of the total area of \u200b\u200bthe hunting land of Russia.

On the territory of the district are located:

21 State Natural Reserve (42.3% of the Square of Russian Reserves);

6 National Parks (35.9% of the Square of Russian National Parks.

Reserves of prey

Oil

Coal

Figure 1 - Share of the Siberian Federal District in reserves and mining of mineral resources,%

State of the economy of the Siberian Federal District of the Russian Federation

The Siberian Federal District occupies a sufficiently weighty place in the economy of the Russian Federation - under the seventh population of the country (14.3%) and territory (30%), Siberia accounts for one ninth GRP (11.4%), the main funds in the economy (12, 1%), investments in fixed assets (8.0%), export (10.7%), import (5.5%).

Sectoral structure of the main industries: producing goods (industry, agriculture) and industries producing services (transport, communications,).

Table 2 - the volume of industrial products for 2003.

	Volume of industrial products
	million rubles	in% to the outcome	in the calculation of one resident	index of physical production
Siberian Federal District
Altai Republic
The Republic of Buryatia
Tyva Republic
The Republic of Khakassia
Altai region
Krasnoyarsk region
including: Taimyr AO.
Evenki AO
Irkutsk region
including: Ust-Ordan Buryat JSC
Kemerovo Region.
Novosibirsk region
Omsk Oblast
Tomsk Oblast
Chita region
including: Aginsky Buryat AO

Leading industry of the district economy - industry. The accuracy of the district in the total industrial production of the Russian Federation in 2003 amounted to 13.8% or 859939.9 million rubles. The Krasnoyarsk Territory, Kemerovo, Irkutsk and Novosibirsk Region occupy the leading place for this indicator.

Leading industry industries: non-ferrous metallurgy, electric power industry, forest and woodworking, ferrous metallurgy, chemical and petrochemical, food and flourish, fuel, building materials, light industry.

The Siberian Federal District occupies leading places in the production of such types of products as electricity production - 191.3 billion kW / h (2nd place); Coal mining - 198502 thousand tons (1st place); production of synthetic resins and plastic masses - 1127 thousand tons (2 place); Tire production - 7876 thousand pcs. (3rd place); Production of refrigerators and freezers - 1168.4 thousand pcs. (2nd place); Production of washing machines - 133.8 thousand pcs. (3rd place); Production of businesswood - 21560 thousand cubic meters. m. (2nd place); Production of sawn timber - 4749.3 thousand cubic meters. m. (2nd place); Cardboard production (386.1 thousand tons).

In the production of the food industry, the SFO has sufficiently high indicators in such a branch as meat production - 238.6 thousand tons (3rd place in the Russian Federation).

Siberia occupies only 4th place in the Russian Federation, issuing agricultural products for 158799 million rubles for 2002, which amounted to 15.4% of the agricultural products of the Russian Federation. According to this indicator, the Siberian Federal District is inferior to Volga (26%), central (22.7%) and southern (19.5%) federal districts.

The most important branches of agriculture: animal husbandry, grain production, vegetable growing.

The construction industry for such an indicator, as the amount of work carried out under construction contract agreements, the Siberian Federal District is inferior to all federal districts, having an indicator of work performed only at 73304.1 million rubles. (8% of the RF indicator).

The Siberian Federal District is the main transport node of Russia. Here it should be noted the unique geopolitical position of Siberia (in conjunction with the Far East) as a bridge between Europe and Asia. In addition, through the SFO, the main transit flows of Russia (cargo transportation and passenger transportation) from the European part of the country to Asian are held. SFO ranks second in the total length of Russia Railways (17.5%), the third place - along the length of roads (16.8%), first place - along the length of shipping inland waterways (29.7%). The district ranks first in the Russian Federation for the departure of goods by rail (335.8 million tons), the first place for the carriage of goods by road (1021.8 million tons), the third place in terms of car transportation of industries of the economy (13820 million tons / km).

Investments in fixed assets in the Siberian Federal District in 2002 amounted to 14,1405 million rubles. (8% of the indicator of the Russian Federation), which is significantly less than in the remaining federal districts of Russia.

Table 3 - Investments in fixed assets for federal districts of the Russian Federation for 2002 (in million rubles)

Regions	Investment in fixed capital, million rubles.	in% to the outcome
Siberian Federal District	116863,4

Altai Republic
The Republic of Buryatia
Tyva Republic
The Republic of Khakassia
Altai region
Krasnoyarsk region
including: Taimyr AO.
Evenki AO
Irkutsk region
including: Ust-Ordan Buryat JSC
Kemerovo Region.
Novosibirsk region
Omsk Oblast
Tomsk Oblast
Chita region
including: Aginsky Buryat AO

Retail trade turnover (or the cost of sold goods sold for personal consumption or use in the household) is also an essential indicator characterizing the socio-economic situation of the region. It reflects the actual revenue of trade organizations from the sale of goods to the population.

Retail trade turnover in 2002 in the Siberian Federal District amounted to 422713 million rubles. (3 place among other federal districts), which amounted to 11.3% of the retail turnover of the Russian Federation. The backlog for this indicator is due to the insufficiently developed trade infrastructure of the district, as well as lower population income in comparison with other federal districts.

From table 4 it can be seen that in the subjects of the West Siberian Economic District, the sectoral structure of the GRP is greatly different. In the Republic of Altai and the Novosibirsk region, industries prevail that produce services with their shares in the total GRP of 40.7% and 48.1%, respectively. In the rest of the subjects of Western Siberia, industries producing goods prevail. Compared to 2000, this structure has not changed significantly, with the exception of the Omsk region, in which in 2000 there was a higher share of services (50.2%).

Among industries that produce goods, in all the subjects of Western Siberia in 2001 prevail industry industry, with the exception of the Republic of Altai and the Altai Territory, where the share of agriculture is higher compared to industry by 11 and 4.7%, respectively. The largest share of industry in the structure of the GRP was noted in the Kemerovo region -43.5%, which is 1.1% less than in 2000; The smallest - in the Republic of Altai -7.2%, which is 1.8% higher than in 2000.

The greatest share of agriculture in the structure of the GRP was noted in the Altai Territory - 26.7%, in second place - the Republic of Altai - 21.8%; The smallest share of -5.7% was marked in the Kemerovo region.

The largest share of construction in the BRP sectoral structure in 2001 was recorded in the Altai Republic (12.6%) and Tomsk region (11.4%), the smallest in the Novosibirsk region (4.3%). In 2000, the share of construction in the subjects varied slightly: 3.6-6.7%, while the greatest share, as well as in 2001, was noted in the Tomsk region - 6.7%; The smallest - in the Novosibirsk region - 3.6%.

Table 4 - Industry Structure of VRP on the subjects of the West Siberian Economic Area (in% of the VRP)

	Altai Republic	Altaic	Novosi-Birskaya	Omsk Oblast	Tomsk Oblast

industry agriculture building
transport trade and commercial activities in the implementation of goods and services

Industries producing goods, of which: industry agriculture building
Services that produce services: transport trade and commercial activities in the implementation of goods and services

In industries that produce services, the following situation has developed. The largest share transport services In its structure, the GRP in 2001 had Omsk - 11.6%, Kemerovo -10.6% and Tomsk - 10.1% of the region; The smallest is the Altai Republic - 0.9%. In 2000, the share of the transport component was approximately at the same level (10.2-10.6%) in the Omsk, Novosibirsk, Tomsk and Kemerovo regions. In the Republic of Altai, this indicator was also the lowest - 0.7%.

Communication share in sectors producing services in both 2000 and 2001. It was very low (1.0-1.9%).

The share of trade and commercial services for the sale of goods and services in the subjects of Western Siberia was quite high. In 2001, the greatest proportion was observed in the Omsk region - 15.2%, the smallest - in the Altai Republic - 8.5%. Compared to 2000, these indicators decreased by 5.2% - in the Omsk region, which was a leader and 1.8% in the Republic of Altai, which occupied the last place among other subjects of Western Siberia.

In the subjects of the East Siberian Economic Area in 2000 - 2001. The following structure of the gross regional product has developed.

Table 5 - sectoral structure of the VRP on the subjects of the East Siberian Economic Area (in% of the VRP)

	The Republic of Buryatia	Tyva Republic	The Republic of Khakassia	Krasnoyarsk region	Irkutsk region	Chita region

Industries producing goods, of which: industry agriculture building
Services that produce services: transport trade and commercial activities in the implementation of goods and services

Industries producing goods, of which: industry agriculture building
Services that produce services: transport trade and commercial activities in the implementation of goods and services

Following the data of Table 5, we note that in the subjects of the East Siberian Economic District, the sectoral structure of the gross regional product in various subjects of the Nativeinsky Federation. In 2001, the share of industries producing goods, high in the Republic of Khakassia (62.8%), Krasnoyarsk Territory (74.8%) and Irkutsk region (48.7%). In the republics of Buryatia and Tyva, the Chita region in the structure of the VRP prevailing industries that produce services. Their shares are equal to 53.6%, 64.9% and 58.4%, respectively. Compared to 2000, this structure of the VRP has not changed.

Among industries producing goods, in all subjects of Eastern Siberia in 2001, the proportion of industries is higher than the share of agriculture and construction with the exception of the Republic of Tyva, where agriculture prevails (20.3%). The most high share of industry in the Krasnoyarsk Territory is 63.2%, which is 3.5% lower than in 2000; The smallest share of industry in the industrial structure of the GRP was noted in the Republic of Tyva -11.8% (above 2000 by 0.4%).

The greatest share of agriculture has the Republic of Tyva in its structure - 20.3%, which is lower than 2000 by 0.9%. The lowest share of agriculture is in the Krasnoyarsk Territory (5.2%) and the Irkutsk region (8.0%). In 2000, these subjects of the Federation also had the lowest indicators - 5.4% and 6.2%, respectively.

The largest share of construction in the BRP sectoral structure was recorded in the Chita region (10.9%) and the Republic of Buryatia (9.0%), the smallest - in the Irkutsk region (5.5%). In 2000, the Khitta region (10.7%) had the greatest indicator of the construction of the construction of the VRP; The share of the Republic of Buryatia was somewhat lower - 6.6%. The smallest share of construction in its structure had the Republic of Tyva - 3.5%.

In sectors producing services in 2001 in all subjects of Eastern Siberia, with the exception of the Republic of Buryatia and the Chita region, the share of trade prevails.

The largest share of transport services in 2001 had the Chita region - 29.3% and the Republic of Buryatia - 19.3%; The smallest is the Republic of Tyva - 2.6%. In 2000, the Chita region and the Republic of Buryatia were also leading with indicators of 33.2% and 16.2%, respectively. In the Republic of Tyva, this indicator was also the lowest - 2.3%.

The share of communication in industries that produce services in the same way as in the subjects of the West Siberian Economic Area in 2000 and in 2001. It was very low (0.5-1.3%).

The share of trade and commercial services for the sale of goods and services in 2001 was high enough in the Irkutsk region (15.5%), the Republic of Tyva (14.6%) and the Republic of Khakassia (13.6%) and low - in the Chita region (6.4%) and Krasnoyarsk Territory (7.5%). Compared to 2000, these indicators decreased by 1.3% - in the Irkutsk region, which in 2001 had the most indicator. The proportion of trade and commercial services for the sale of goods and services in 2000 was in the Republic of Buryatia (14.3%), the Republic of Tyva (14.2%) and in the Republic of Khakassia (12.6%). The smallest share, as in 2001, was observed in the Chita region and amounted to 5.4%.

The main directions of specialization of the subjects of the Siberian Federal District can be traced in their share in the total production of a particular industry industry.

Table 6 - sectoral structure of industrial production in SFO in 2002 (in%)

Industry industry	West Siberian Economic District
	RepubliclikaAltai	Altaicedge	Kemerovoskye.region	Novosi.birskayaregion	Omsk Oblast	Tomsk Oblast

Industry Total, including:
Electric power industry
Fuel

Ferrous metallurgy
Non-ferrous metallurgy
Chemical and petrochemical
Mechanical engineering and metalworking
Forest, woodworking and pulp and paper

Glass and porcelainyansova



Industry industry	East Siberian Economic District
	RepublicBuryatia	Tyva Republic	The Republic of Khakassia	Krasnoyarsk region	Irkutsk region	Chita region
Industry Total, including:
Electric power industry
Fuel
Ferrous metallurgy
Non-ferrous metallurgy
Chemical and petrochemical
Mechanical engineering and metalworking
Forest, woodworking and pulp and paper.
Industry of building materials
Glass and porcelainyansova


Mukomol cereal and combined

Thus, the share of SFO in the All-Russian industrial production is 10%. According to the given data, it is possible to draw conclusions that the leading places in the structure of industrial production in the SFO occupy non-ferrous metallurgy (27.5%), the electric power industry (14.0%), the fuel industry (12.1%), as well as mechanical engineering and metalworking (11 , 3%). In 2002, there was an increase in production in the following industries.

Oil production amounted to 10997 thousand tons and increased by 38.7% compared with the previous year. Increased production of natural gas to 4877 million cubic meters. m. and by 17.9%. The production of steel pipes (173 thousand tons) and mineral fertilizers (606.1 thousand tons) increased. Production growth in these industries was 3.6% and 14.3%, respectively.

The production of televisions up to 30.2 thousand pcs increased dramatically. And by 91% compared with 2001, the production of businesswood increased by 12.4% and amounted to 21560 thousand cubic meters. m.; The production of sawn timber increased to 4749.3 thousand cubic meters. m., the growth was 7.1%. Cellulose production amounted to 1679.8 thousand tons and increased by 8.9%.

At the same time, electricity production was reduced by 2.7%, the smelting of steel - by 10.9%. Their release in 2002 amounted to 191.3 billion kW / h and 8477 thousand tons, respectively. Coal mining was reduced by 3.9%; Production of finished rolled products of ferrous metals by 8.6%, the production of metal-cutting machines by 33.6%, the production of paper is 9.1%, tissues - by 23.9% and the production of hosiery products - by 46.6%.

Significant Scientific potential SFO. It is located 592 organizations that perform research and development (13% of all-Russian institutions), yielding in this area a central (37%) and Volga (16%) to federal districts.

The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS) is located on the territory of the Siberian Federal District (SB RAS), which is the regional association of research, development and design, industrial organizations of the Russian Academy of Sciences, as well as divisions that ensure the functioning of the infrastructure of the scientific centers located in Siberia.

As part of SB RAS 74 Research and 13 design and technological institutions working in the field of physical and mathematical, technical, chemical and biological sciences, sciences about land, humanitarian and economic sciences. Scientific centers SB RAS are located in Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Ulan-Ude, Kemerovo, Omsk, individual institutions work in Barnaul, Chita, Kyzyl. On the basis of the integration of scientific centers of the department with universities and other universities, Siberia has established and operate regional scientific and educational complexes (RHNOW) in Barnaul, Krasnoyarsk, Omsk. Universities and universities in Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk, Barnaul, Kemerovo, Irkutsk, Ulan-Ude are working in close connection with scientific centers of the department. On the basis of the institutions of the department, 18 international research centers were organized, co-founders of which, along with the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, are scientific organizations and universities in Europe, USA and Japan.

More than half (61.3%) of the department's potential is concentrated in the Novosibirsk Research Center - Akademgorodok, in which more than 40 research and development and technological institutions of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences are located.

According to the number of personnel engaged in research and development, the district ranks 4 in Russia (63052 people) after the central (440577 people), northwestern (112478 people) and Volga (149336 people) of federal districts. The internal costs of research and development are insignificant - only 8708735 thousand rubles. (6.5% of the All-Russian indicator), which undoubtedly restrains the development of science in the district and leads to the leakage of scientific personnel to the central regions of Russia and abroad.

Foreign Economic Communications of the Siberian Federal District

A positive balance of foreign trade turnover increased by 26.5% compared with 2002 and amounted to 11 billion 755.4 million dollars.

Foreign trade structure SFO in 2003

Table 7 - Foreign trade in the Siberian Federal District in 2002-2003.

Indicators		2003 in% by 2002	Zoom +, decrease .-, million dollars
	Cost, million dollars.	Cost, million dollars.

Trade turnover, including: far abroad countries cIS countries	13081,1 11067,4			+2942,8 +2272,9
cIS countries		13889,6 12191,1		+2702,7 +2189,1
Import, including: far abroad countries cIS countries		2134,3 1149,2
Barter transactions: Export, in all.: Far abroad countries cIS countries
Import, incl.: countries of far abroad cIS countries

The ratio of exports and imports in goods turnover in 2003 was 86.7% and 13.3% compared to 85.5% and 14.5% in 2002.

The top ten countries - the main trading partners of the district entered: China (15.5%), United Kingdom (11.0%), Kazakhstan (8.7%), Japan (7.2%), USA (6.7%), Ukraine (6.0%), Germany (3.8%), India (3.5%), Netherlands (2.9%), Turkey (2.7%). Trading with these countries provided 68.0% of the cost volume of turnover. With most of these countries, the volume of turnover increased, with the exception of the USA and the Netherlands

In 2003, the largest participants of the region were among the largest participants of the region: JSC "MMC Norilsk Nickel", OJSC "Brotherly Aluminum Plant", OJSC Krasnoyarsk Aluminum Plant, CJSC Yukos-Transservice, OJSC Sibneft-Noyabrskneftegaz, OJSC "West -Sibirsk Metallurgical Plant, OJSC "Sayanogorsk Aluminum Plant", OJSC "Novosibirsk Plant of Himkoncentrats", OJSC Siberian Oil Company, OJSC Oil Company Yukos, FSUE "Production Association Electrochemical Plant", OJSC "Scientific and Production Corporation Irkut, FSUE "Siberian Chemical Combine", OJSC NKAZ. The proportion of these enterprises in the total volume of foreign trade operations amounted to 58%.

Export Structure and Development

Exports of goods for 2003 amounted to $ 13 billion $ 889.6 million and compared with 2002 increased by $ 2 billion 702.7 million (by 24.2%) due to the growth of its volume to foreign countries and CIS.

The total cost of goods exported to the countries of far abroad was $ 12 billion from $ 191.1 million, or 87.8% of the total export (2002 - 89.4%), and increased by 2 billion 189.1 million . dollars (at 21.9%).

The leading trading partners in exports among far abroad countries were China (16.2% of total exports), United Kingdom (12.5%), Japan (8.2%), USA (7.5%), India (3.4%), Netherlands (3.3%), Germany (3.2%) and Turkey (3.1%) (Figure 3.5). Compared to 2002, the volume of exports to China increased by 10.3%, the United Kingdom - by 28.1%, Japan - by 41.5%, India - by 43.2%, Germany - by 28.3%, Turkey - by 37.4%. Deliveries of goods in the United States and the Netherlands decreased in value terms by 16.1% and 40.8%, respectively.

Exports to the CIS countries amounted to 1 billion 698.5 million dollars. And compared with 2002 increased by $ 513.6 million (by 43.3%). The share of the CIS countries in the export volume was 12.2% against 10.6% for 2002.

Main trading partners among CIS countries - Kazakhstan and Ukraine with a share in the total export volume of 5.4% and 5.1%, respectively. In trade with these countries, the volume of export operations increased, respectively, by 40.6% and 1.6 times over the past year.

Share of SFOs in export implementation Next: Krasnoyarsk Territory (24.0%), Kemerovo region (19.1%), Irkutsk region (18.9%), Novosibirsk region (4.5%), Omsk region (6.5 %), Chita region (0.6%), Republic of Khakassia (3.3%), Republic of Altai (3.3%), Altai Territory (2.8%), Tomsk region (3.7%), Republic of Buryatia (2.4%).

Figure 2- Distribution of exports by subjects of SFO in 2003

Commodity structure of exports of the Siberian Federal District:

- metals and products of them (36.9%);

- fuel and energy products (29.5%);

- products of the chemical industry, rubber (12.6%);

- Food products and agricultural raw materials (10%);

- machines, equipment and vehicles (9.9%);

- wood and adhesive and paper products (9.5%);

- Other products (0.6%).

Figure 3 - Commodity structure of SFO exports in 2003

Table 8 presents the dynamics of the export of the most important goods for 2002-2003. Siberian Federal District in Natural and Costs.

Table 8 - Dynamics of the export of the most important products SFO in 2003

Name of product	number	Cost, thousands of dollars
	2003	2003 vC 2002	2003	2003 vC2002

Coal stone, t
Oil raw, t
Petroleum products obtained from bituminous rocks other than raw, t
Products inorganic chemistry, t
Timber raw, t
Timber, T.
Copper refined, t
Nickel unprocessed, T.
Aluminum, t unprocessed
Fuel elements, t

The proportion of barter operations in the export volume was 1.1% (for 2002 -1.2%). Compared to 2002, the cost of barter transactions in export increased by $ 25.7 million (by 19.3%) and amounted to $ 159.2 million.

The main partners in the implementation of barter operations in exports were US (70.8% of the cost of barter transactions in exports), Germany (12.9%), China (5.7%), Philippines (3.1%) and Iran (2 ,five%).

Inorganic chemistry, oil raw, ferrous metals, timber raw and treated, pneumatic rubber tires were exported by barter.

sectoral Migration Siberian Gross

Import structure and development

The import of SFO for 2003 amounted to $ 2 billion. 134.3 million dollars. And compared with 2002 increased by $ 240.1 million (by 12.7%) due to the growth of supply volumes from the CIS countries - by 156 , $ 3 million (by 18.9%) and from far abroad by $ 83.8 million (by 7.9%).

The main partners in the implementation of import operations were Kazakhstan (29.9%), Ukraine (11.3%), China (10.9%), Germany (7.3%), France (3.9%), India (3 , 5%), Guinea (3.2%), Uzbekistan (2.8%), USA (1.8%), Italy (1.7%) trade with 72.8% of the cost volume of imports.

The share of subjects of the SFO in the implementation of imports is as follows: Krasnoyarsk Territory (20.2%), Novosibirsk region (19.5%), Irkutsk region (19.0%), Kemerovo region (7.9%), Omsk region (8.5 %), Republic of Khakassia (9.2%), Altai Territory (6.1%), Tomsk region (3.7%).

Figure 4 - Distribution of imports on subjects of the SFO of the Russian Federation in 2003

Commodity structure of imports of the Siberian Federal District:

- products of the chemical industry, rubber (47.1%);

- machines, equipment and vehicles (26.4%);

- Food products and agricultural raw materials (12.7%);

- fuel and energy products (6.0%);

- metals and products of them (4.5%);

- Textiles, textiles and shoes (1.9%);

- wood and pulp and paper products (1.2%);

- Other products (2.0%).

Figure 5 - Commodity structure of the import of SFO in 2003

The share of barter operations in the volume of imports was 2.0% (in 2002 - 2.4%). Compared to 2002, the cost of barter transactions in imports decreased by 2.6% and amounted to $ 43.5 million.

The main partners in the implementation of barter operations in imports were China (89.6% of the cost of barter transactions in imports), Kazakhstan (3.1%), Uzbekistan (2.8%), Kyrgyzstan (2.0%) and Mongolia (1 ,one%).

Items of imported goods Dated: fruits and vegetables, knitted facilities, wool, fishing nets, fishing rods and tackle, products from plastics, tents, blankets, towels, packaging packaging, artificial flowers, silicate brick, tile and decorative products from ceramics, toys , products from ferrous metals, antennas, combine harvesters, incandescent lamps and other goods.

Prospects for the development of the economy and foreign economic relations

Prospects for the development of foreign trade of the Siberian Federal District.

In order to further stabilize and possible lifting the economy of the Siberian Federal District, as well as more efficient use of the foreign economic component in improving the welfare of the population of Siberia, it is necessary to find effective methods for solving social and economic problems Region. In this regard, it was developed State concept Siberian's economic development for the long term was developed under the leadership of the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Siberian Federal District L.V. Drachevsky. At the same time, the initial materials for the project were developed by the SFO Council, SB RAS (IEEIPP, Wiggm) and the Interregional Association "Siberian Agreement".

The purpose of this document is to identify long-term landmarks for the economic development and principles of state economic Policy In relation to Siberia, which would allow to implement the strategic interests of Russia.

At the same time, priorities in the implementation of the provisions of this document are:

Ensuring the development of raw materials in order to stabilize the Narosionsian and foreign markets of natural resources and inflows financial means. The most important strategic resources of Siberia are oil, gas, partially coal, non-ferrous and noble metals;

development of high-tech high-tech industries and industries;

the development of transport infrastructure as the basis for the balanced socio-economic development of Siberia, integration into the global economic space and improving the investment climate of the Siberian regions;

improving the energy efficiency of the economy of Siberia, the reduction of costs to meet the needs of society in energy resources primarily due to the intensification of power supply;

optimization of the settlement system in the regions of the Far North and region equivalent to them in order to reduce the irrational costs of budgets of all levels, enterprises and organizations;

The implementation of these provisions provides for the achievement of the following main objectives:

Reducing the negative impact of adverse natural and geographical conditions for the socio-economic development of Siberia, including through the development of transport infrastructure and creating an optimal settlement system;

raising investment attractiveness Siberian regions;

ensuring the sustainable development of the "raw materials" regions;

Increasing the role of a "non-sireless" sector in the economy of Siberia, the development of the production of high-tech products;

raising the living standards of the population of Siberian regions;

Ensuring the geopolitical and economic interests of Russia.

The achievement of intended goals is planned to be carried out in three stages.

In the first stage (2002-2004 ...

Large flour enterprises in the Siberian Federal District. National composition

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Export Structure and Development

Exports of goods for 2003 amounted to $ 13 billion $ 889.6 million and compared with 2002 increased by $ 2 billion 702.7 million (by 24.2%) due to the growth of its volume to foreign countries and CIS.

The total cost of goods exported to the countries of far abroad was $ 12 billion from $ 191.1 million, or 87.8% of the total export (2002 - 89.4%), and increased by 2 billion 189.1 million . dollars (at 21.9%).

Exports to the CIS countries amounted to 1 billion 698.5 million dollars. And compared with 2002 increased by $ 513.6 million (by 43.3%). The share of the CIS countries in the export volume was 12.2% against 10.6% for 2002.

Main trading partners among CIS countries - Kazakhstan and Ukraine with a share in the total export volume of 5.4% and 5.1%, respectively. In trade with these countries, the volume of export operations increased, respectively, by 40.6% and 1.6 times over the past year.

Figure 2- Distribution of exports by subjects of SFO in 2003

Commodity structure of exports of the Siberian Federal District:

- metals and products of them (36.9%);

- fuel and energy products (29.5%);

- products of the chemical industry, rubber (12.6%);

- Food products and agricultural raw materials (10%);

- machines, equipment and vehicles (9.9%);

- wood and adhesive and paper products (9.5%);

- Other products (0.6%).

Figure 3 - Commodity structure of SFO exports in 2003

Table 8 presents the dynamics of the export of the most important goods for 2002-2003. Siberian Federal District in Natural and Costs.

Table 8 - Dynamics of the export of the most important products SFO in 2003

2003

vC

2003

Products

Nickel

The proportion of barter operations in the export volume was 1.1% (for 2002 -1.2%). Compared to 2002, the cost of barter transactions in export increased by $ 25.7 million (by 19.3%) and amounted to $ 159.2 million.

The main partners in the implementation of barter operations in exports were US (70.8% of the cost of barter transactions in exports), Germany (12.9%), China (5.7%), Philippines (3.1%) and Iran (2 ,five%).

Inorganic chemistry, oil raw, ferrous metals, timber raw and treated, pneumatic rubber tires were exported by barter.

sectoral Migration Siberian Gross

Import structure and development

The import of SFO for 2003 amounted to $ 2 billion. 134.3 million dollars. And compared with 2002 increased by $ 240.1 million (by 12.7%) due to the growth of supply volumes from the CIS countries - by 156 , $ 3 million (by 18.9%) and from far abroad by $ 83.8 million (by 7.9%).

The main partners in the implementation of import operations were Kazakhstan (29.9%), Ukraine (11.3%), China (10.9%), Germany (7.3%), France (3.9%), India (3 , 5%), Guinea (3.2%), Uzbekistan (2.8%), USA (1.8%), Italy (1.7%) trade with 72.8% of the cost volume of imports.

The share of subjects of the SFO in the implementation of imports is as follows: Krasnoyarsk Territory (20.2%), Novosibirsk region (19.5%), Irkutsk region (19.0%), Kemerovo region (7.9%), Omsk region (8.5 %), Republic of Khakassia (9.2%), Altai Territory (6.1%), Tomsk region (3.7%).

Figure 4 - Distribution of imports on subjects of the SFO of the Russian Federation in 2003

Commodity structure of imports of the Siberian Federal District:

- products of the chemical industry, rubber (47.1%);

- machines, equipment and vehicles (26.4%);

- Food products and agricultural raw materials (12.7%);

- fuel and energy products (6.0%);

- metals and products of them (4.5%);

- Textiles, textiles and shoes (1.9%);

- wood and pulp and paper products (1.2%);

- Other products (2.0%).

Figure 5 - Commodity structure of the import of SFO in 2003

The share of barter operations in the volume of imports was 2.0% (in 2002 - 2.4%). Compared to 2002, the cost of barter transactions in imports decreased by 2.6% and amounted to $ 43.5 million.

The main partners in the implementation of barter operations in imports were China (89.6% of the cost of barter transactions in imports), Kazakhstan (3.1%), Uzbekistan (2.8%), Kyrgyzstan (2.0%) and Mongolia (1 ,one%).

Prospects for the development of the economy and foreign economic relations

Prospects for the development of foreign trade of the Siberian Federal District.

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