Typical series of construction of a wooden house. Typical series of residential buildings in g

Having decided on their own home, any citizen of the Russian Federation wants to carry out the acquisition procedure as efficiently as possible. In addition to the financial component in this issue, there is one more, no less important - this is the choice of a new home. When it comes to buying a private house, there are no particular difficulties, but when purchasing an apartment there are much more of them.

For the most part, the question of choosing an apartment revolves around housing and the type of apartment building in which it is built.

For those people whose choice fell on 5, 9 and 10-storey "panels" from the USSR, of which there are a lot in our country, our resource presents today's material. We will talk about apartment buildings of this type and their characteristics below.

What are the most typical projects of apartment buildings built in the USSR? Photo # 1

In the early 60s of the last century, the authorities of the USSR recognized that in terms of the general level of development, the country was lagging behind its main Western competitors. To solve the problem, reforms followed in many spheres of the life of Soviet citizens. The most large-scale modification affected the living conditions of the inhabitants of the USSR.

The main “housing reform” of that time was to provide every citizen of the “unions” with housing using the minimum amount of funds. Taking this feature into account, thousands of the best construction engineers began to work on the creation of the cheapest, but high-quality technologies for the construction of apartment buildings (MKD). The apogee of the specialists' work was the five- and nine-story "panels". By the way, the authorities expected to operate such houses and apartments in them until 2000, but the unique Soviet quality made it so that these buildings are still in operation.

The projects of the Soviet MKD had an innovative feature - the implementation of such was carried out by panel construction, the essence of which is the use of reinforced concrete slabs (panels) for assembling a house as a designer, which significantly reduced the cost of construction work and significantly increased their speed.

In general, in the period from the 40s up to the 90s, whole series of MKD were erected in the USSR. The most common and popular were Stalin, Khrushchev and Brezhnevka.

From here, whole series received the corresponding names, or rather:

• The Stalinist series of MKDs were distinguished by the predominance of Stalinist apartments of both the old format and the more modernized one.
• The Khrushchevskys are standard-format Khrushchev apartments. Almost all the "panels" of the 60s were built in the "Khrushchev style".
• Brezhnevskys - Brezhnev apartments are also of a standard format. Their peak was in the 80s.

How do typical projects differ from each other? Photo No. 2

Note that most of the panel MCDs of the 60-90s are standard Khrushchev buildings, however, among them there were also variations with Stalin-era apartments and Brezhnev apartments, since they were quite popular.

In general, the housing reform became quite successful and the authorities of the USSR completely solved their main task - to provide Soviet citizens with innovative housing. Surprisingly, a lot of citizens of modern Russia are still using and acquiring this type of housing.

Characteristics of buildings

In the previous paragraph of the article, the main series of MKD in the USSR were mentioned in passing. For a better understanding of the concept of such, let's consider their characteristics in the following table:

It is worth noting that the housing stock from these series is mostly worn out, so there is no need to talk about the reliability of the buildings.

Regarding the general operational characteristics, we can say that the Khrushchevs fully justify their status of social housing and do not differ in particular comfort, but the Stalinkas (at the moment they are practically not sold due to severe wear and tear) and the Khrushchevs are more comfortable housing, aimed not only at providing housing human needs, namely the comfort of his life.

About MKD series

Why were serial names assigned to apartment buildings? Photo # 3

Popular series in the USSR did not have any features, with the exception of Khrushchev's panels. Due to the fact that this housing was built in huge numbers, it was assigned a serial name.

There were a lot of series, by the way, since each of them reflected certain changes in the concept of building an MKD of a particular period. Surprisingly, in 25 years - from the late 50s to the early 90s, nearly a hundred series of houses were produced.

The most common of them are:

• Series 1-500 - typical panel MKD from the times of Khrushchev. They were distinguished by 5-storey and one-, two-room nondescript character.
• Series 1-468 - improved panel houses. They were distinguished by 5-10-storey and more comfortable apartments with 1-4 rooms.
• Series 83, 90 and 97 are the apogee of the Khrushchev era of MKD construction. They had a similar series of 1-468 storeys, but were more comfortable in terms of use.

We repeat, a lot of MKD series were produced in the 50-90s on the territory of the USSR. Some of them were distinguished by their prevalence (described above), some by greater solidity (602, series-PP, etc.), and others by the number of floors (series-II up to 18 tiers, for example). You can more accurately find out the serial number of your particular MKD in several ways:

• having carefully studied the technical documentation for the apartment;
• by contacting the BTI at the place of residence with a corresponding request;
• by going to the official website of the housing control of the Russian Federation or another resource where there is information about all the series of MKDs being built on the territory of our country.

Typically, series of houses are recognized to consider the specific characteristics of their home. However, the wear and tear of most houses of Stalin's, Khrushchev's and even Brezhnev's series raises a big question about the relevance of this issue. This concludes. We hope the above material was useful to you.

You can find out about the history of the construction of Khrushchev buildings in the USSR by watching the video:

Write a question to the housing lawyer in the form below see also Phones for consultation

Discussion: 6 comments

Panel nine-storey buildings are not the worst option, I myself live in this, but it cannot be called excellent either. The main complaint is sound insulation. Yes, it simply does not exist! You can hear conversations not only from neighbors above or below, but sometimes also across the floor. It feels like houses are made of thick cardboard and not for people, but for chickens and geese.

Answer

Best of all, your own, you can't even argue with a private house, but if you choose, then Stalin's houses are better, they are built on conscience and strong, they will stand for many years, the main thing is that these houses belong to the city and are not ghost houses, which are not occupied by anyone except the owners ...

Answer

Better is what you have money for, although in my opinion it will be better if the house is newly built and new, in any case, demolition does not threaten it for a long time. In the USSR, houses were built conscientiously, the most budgetary option, this is "Khrushchev".

Answer

I live in Khrushchev. The house is brick-built, but the walls between the apartments are made of gypsum blocks. Soundproofing is disgusting. If you stand under the wall and cough, the neighbors will hear you, not to mention laughter, children's crying. The footage of the rooms is small, the kitchen is tiny. But, the soundproofing between floors is not that bad.

Answer

When we moved from the Brezhnev nine-story building, we chose a 12-storey building of the same era, since the layouts there are already more or less improved. And the kitchen is 2 meters larger. I think 12-storey buildings are the most successful of the Brezhnev era.

Answer

Most of the housing in apartment buildings in Moscow and the Moscow region are apartments in serial (standard) houses. A series of houses is a group of residential back houses with identical apartment layouts, engineering structures and building materials used. Layouts in such houses are called typical. You can combine different series of houses by wall material or by time.

According to the building materials used, three main types can be distinguished:

• Brick houses- typical series, the outer walls of which are made of bricks.
• Panel houses- standard series built from prefabricated reinforced concrete panels.
• Block houses—Typical series in which the outer walls are built of concrete blocks.

On the basis of time, four main construction periods can be distinguished:

• Stalinist series are typical series of houses designed in the 1950s. The houses are mostly brick or block. Distinctive features are high ceilings, spacious rooms, large corridors and kitchens.
• Khrushchev series are typical series of houses designed in the period from 1956 to 1964. The houses are mostly panel, sometimes brick. Distinctive features are small kitchens, no elevators, combined bathrooms, poor heat and sound insulation.
• The Brezhnev series are typical series of houses designed in the USSR from 1965 to the end of the 1980s. There are both brick and panel and block projects. The number of floors gradually increased, first to 9, and then to 17 floors. Later projects are distinguished by a wide variety of designs and successful standard layouts. The most successful Brezhnev series were modified and are being built today.
• Modern series are typical series of houses designed since the early 1990s. They differ from the previous attempts to add individual features to standard houses, houses of variable number of storeys, combined houses appear, apartment layouts become more spacious, the external and internal finishing of buildings is improving qualitatively.

The site contains most of the typical series of houses built since the 1950s. Those. 90% of all possible options for standard apartments and houses on the market in Moscow and the Moscow region.

To answer this question, you need to remember a little history. When Russia was still in the status of the USSR, in the sixties of the last century, the leadership of our country recognized the fact that the state lags behind the West in economic development to a significant extent. Then it was decided to massively and large-scale development of the economy, aimed at improving the quality of life of ordinary citizens, including improving housing conditions.

Thus, the construction of the so-called panel housing began. Communal apartments gradually receded into the past (although they did not disappear completely, right up to our time), each separate apartment in the planned five and nine-story buildings was designed for each family separately.

This project was based on the goal of providing as many consumers with high-quality housing conditions as possible, while minimizing funds and reducing the cost of technology. Thanks to the introduction of panel construction projects, it was planned to provide the maximum number of Soviet families with inexpensive individual housing (up to a maximum of 2000).

Panel construction technology

The manufacturing technology of large reinforced concrete slabs was originally developed right at the construction site, which did not always meet the quality standard. By the way, when production was established in the factory, the quality did not improve, up to the appointment of strict control over the creation of reinforced concrete structures in accordance with state standards.

The process of building typical panel houses was greatly simplified and accelerated thanks to this technology, now there was no need to create monolithic structures. Houses were assembled from "small" parts, like constructors. This has become the most important advantage of the construction of such housing - low cost and high speed.

Typical series of panel houses

Since the forties, the construction of new five-storey housing begins, then the construction of the famous high-quality and spacious stalinkas, which lasted until the development of standard panel houses in the sixties - the so-called Khrushchev houses, in which, apart from their availability and independence, there were practically no positive qualities.

Depending on the adopted technology and number of storeys, panel houses began to be subdivided into standard series - alphabetic and numeric numbers, differing in their characteristics.

The most common old houses throughout the territory of the former USSR are typical panel houses of 5 floors, series 1-500, etc.

For example, panel houses of the 83 series were later called to replace the 1-468 series, as they were of higher quality and more convenient in layout. Houses were built in five to ten floors, Rooms can be from one to four. Such houses have been built since the late 70s, but projects are being finalized and used in our time.

The series 97 is also known, the houses of which have 5, 9 and 10 floors. The time of use of projects in this series is calculated from the 70s to our time.

A separate article of this time (80s) can be distinguished by panel houses of the 90th series, these houses began to replace the Khrushchevs, as they had an improved layout.

How did it improve?

Firstly, in contrast to the Khrushchev buildings, the area has become more spacious, the rooms have turned from walk-throughs into separate ones. Most often, the 90th series is represented by two-room apartments. Secondly, the area of ​​the bedroom could be increased by demolishing the wall with the adjacent storage room, which had the depth of the bedroom. Thirdly, the area due to this storage room of 28 sq. meters turns into 33 sq. meters, which was a significant advantage.

In a later period, in the seventies, standard 9-storey panel houses of series II (II - 18, II - 29, II - 57) were built and put into operation.

In the eighties, developments were underway in this direction, and the construction of panel houses was brought up to 22 floors, although this is more an exception to the rule than a rule at this time.

In the nineties, whole districts of old Khrushchev houses were demolished and more modern panel houses with 8 to 25 storeys were built in their place.

Types of apartments and their characteristics

More modern panel housing was built as 9 storey buildings. The very first series of nine-storey buildings was series 119. The apartments of this series already had an elevator and a garbage chute. The number of rooms in a separate apartment was calculated from two (or more), in addition there were loggias. A later version is the 467 series.

In addition to what was already presented in the last series, there is a more convenient layout of the entrances, while the entrance to the apartments is separated by a door that closes in the entrance, which separates the zones of the housing itself and the entrance with a garbage chute. 602 series of nine-story buildings is considered the newest, the separation by the door from the entrance has disappeared, but the garbage chute has moved to the territory of honey floors. There are four apartments on the site, however, the location of the entrances to them is not very convenient, since they are located very close to each other.

In the 70s, standard panel houses were built, not only 5-9 storey, but also 10 storey. By SERIES, you can determine the type of building and the year of its construction. Most often, 10-storey buildings include the so-called brezhnevka: P-3 (from 70 to 98), P-30 (1973-2005), PP-70 (80-90s), PP-83 (80-90s), I-III-3 (79-93).

Some of the same series also include 16-storey panel houses. In addition, you can add such series as P-44 (1973-2008), P-4 (1975-2005), P-42, 43 (72-83), Cygnus series (1966-2003) , 1-MN-601 (65-75 years).

How to find out the series of a panel house?

Knowing the number of storeys of the house and the years of its release, you can preliminarily determine the series of construction. Let's start with the oldest Khrushchev buildings - five-story buildings, which naturally did not have either an elevator or a garbage chute. Most often, these houses belong to such series as 1-335 or K-7. Gradually, cities are trying to get rid of these houses and build more modern housing in their place.

Higher in number of storeys and comfort brezhnevka belong to the P-44 series. There is already an elevator and a garbage chute. The quality of such housing is much higher than that of Khrushchev. moreover, the improved projects of this series are the basis for the construction of modern houses. The maximum height of a house in this series is 17 floors. And the quality of construction allows such houses to withstand up to hundreds of years.

Panel skyscrapers of 14-17 floors dating back to the 70s with one entrance most often belong to the II-68 series. They are just as comfortable, and also offer a free layout. The demand for houses in this series is now forcing engineers to improve these projects as well.

If you doubt the correctness of your assumption in the number and series of your panel housing, then comprehensive information can always be found in the technical passport of the apartment, or request the appropriate paper from the Bureau of Technical Inventory (but be prepared for the fact that the service may be paid).

When purchasing new housing in a multi-storey building, people often wonder what series the structure has, whether it is subject to demolition, what features it has. It is unlikely that you can answer such questions yourself, which is why we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the information in our article.

Here you will find answers, facts and many helpful sections to help you get the big picture.

Disturbed and liquidated houses

First of all, let's start the article with a section about houses that are to be demolished in the near future, or about buildings with a minimum limited service life:

• If you suddenly come across such series as: K-7, P-32 (35), 1-MG-300, I-35 and 1605-AM - be careful, these houses were built long ago. Even the repair of such buildings does not guarantee that the buildings will last for a long time.

Note!
The most "dangerous" series can be called K-7 and P-32, in which the typical layout of apartments.

• It is worth paying attention to the year of construction, for example, houses built in 59-62 are designed for a short service life. In an amicable way, they should have been demolished (if you suddenly come across such a thing) back in the 90s. They have thin facade walls, which increase the loss of heat from the room, and a feature of these houses is a combined bathroom and semi-walk-through rooms.

They cannot be reconstructed, although many service companies “warm up” good money on them, filling up cracks on the walls every year.

At the same time, there are a series of brick houses that can be called "obnoxious", these include 1-511 and 1-447. In these houses, stronger and thicker walls, which increase the thermal insulation properties of the building, the layout of the apartments is also considered the most acceptable.

On the other hand, no one canceled the repairs for in-house communication. And if in your house it is done by the apartment owners with their own hands, then this can significantly reduce the service life of building materials.

Series of 5-9 storey buildings

In this section, we will consider a series of brick houses that have been registered, are in operation and continue to be built:

• Brick residential buildings series 86 include not only a 9-storey structure, but can also be a 5-storey structure. More detailed characteristics, the height of the living quarters is 250 cm, there are 1, 2, 3 and 4-room apartments (depending on the number of floors).
  They began to build this series in the 1980s, they use it to the present day. You can meet more often on the outskirts of large cities, or in the central part of sparsely populated areas.

• Series II-01(5-storey buildings) belongs to the "Stalinist" buildings of late development. Such structures were built only of bricks, the height of the living quarters is about 300 cm. Most of the apartments have a balcony. The construction of houses was carried out from 52 to 59, they are rare, since they were replaced by "Khrushchevs". (see also with article)
• Built in 52-58, 7 and 8-storey brick block houses faced with red tiles belong to the II-02 series. Such structures are architectural monuments, the price of an apartment in houses of this kind is comparable to modern housing in the city center.
• House series II-08 is the last one that was developed according to "Stalinist" standards. Such brick houses were built from 57 to 62, in the city of Moscow. The apartments are quite spacious, the ceilings are high, and many residents of the house also have balconies.

• But the 5-storey houses of the II-14 series very common in the capital and neighboring cities of the Moscow region. Such structures are called a transitional variant from "late stalinoks" to "Khrushchevs".
• Tall (at that time) houses of the SM-3 and SM-6 series, were also built of bricks. The number of floors floated from 8 to 10, although 9-storey buildings are more common. Moscow was massively built up with such houses in the 50s and 60s.

A variation of the 80th series

Separately, we can say about the 80 series, which includes three modifications (all brick houses):

• Series 164-80-1 was erected as a 5-storey building, the height of the living quarters reaches 250 cm. The type of housing is single-room accommodation, with a shared bathroom and kitchen. Houses were built in the 70s and 80s. (see also article)
• A similar plan series 164-80-3, only floors in building 9. Most often it is found as a communal apartment, with room-by-room accommodation, up to 408 beds, although in modern times rooms are connected and sold as combined living areas. Year of construction 1970-1980.
• But series 164-80-4, which was also erected as a 9-storey building, is a hostel with 537 or 1074 beds. But, as in the case of the 3-series, the rooms are combined and sold as 2-room apartments.

More modern series

In this section, we will describe several typical houses that began to be built in the last century, but continue to be built to the present (or were recently "closed"):

• Series 124 is a brick house, which can be either 9-storey, or 12 or even 14-storey. The number of rooms in apartments differs depending on the location: 1 and 2-room apartments are more common, but there are also 3-room ones. Such houses are most popular in the Moscow region.

• There is another series, which is also known in Moscow and the Moscow region - 114-85(most often there are 9 and 12-storey houses, but there are also 6 floors). The living quarters are quite cramped, with a ceiling height of 248 cm. The number of rooms depends on the type of house; there are often 2 and 3-room rooms.

For your information!
All the houses built at that time used mainly local building materials made in the nearby factories.

• Series E-93 brick houses, offers people to buy housing in structures built between 1970 and 2000. There are several modifications: 9, 12 and 14-storey buildings, with 1, 2, 3 and 4-room apartments. The height of the living quarters is 260 cm. Most often, such houses can be found in cities near Moscow.
• Series II-66 represented by 9-storey brick buildings that were built in Moscow and nearby cities. Such buildings were erected from 1973 to 1985, only local building materials were used as raw materials. The number of rooms in an apartment depends on its location, there are 1, 2, 3 and 4-room.
• Another series of the 70s - MK-9(derived from the MK-5 series - brick 5-storey buildings). It was popular in Minsk, in the city you can find many similar houses, in which there are small but cozy apartments.

Houses of two capitals

In this section, we will describe four series that can be found both in Moscow and St. Petersburg:

• Series 1-528KP-41 - brick house, 9 floors high. Living quarters cannot be called spacious, from floor to ceiling only 248 cm. Rooms in apartments from 1 to 3, more often 2-room. The disadvantage is the small 6 m2 kitchen, in which it is difficult to place anything.

• But the same series, only more modern (used until 1980) - 1-528KP-40, is a more comfortable place to live. Height of ceilings is about 270 cm, rooms are spacious, kitchens are increased to 9 m2.
• A series of brick houses 1-528KP-82 is practically not found in Moscow, except in the Moscow region, but in St. Petersburg and the region it is common. The houses are no longer 9, but 16-storey, with spacious apartments with a ceiling height of 270 cm. Such houses were built from the beginning of the 70s to the mid-80s.
• The series 1-528KP-80 (brick 14-storey building), which was in use until 1985, is considered more attractive. Such houses are interesting for their spacious balconies, which are available in almost every apartment, as well as special rooms for concierges. One of the first video cameras on residential buildings appeared precisely in this series, significantly increasing the cost of an apartment and giving them status.

What to do if house episode is unknown

It also happens when people do not know which series their house belongs to, but this can (when selling or buying an apartment) bring unnecessary trouble. The easiest way is to look at the technical passport, you can take it from the management company, everything is described in detail there.

It also contains instructions on when the repairs were made, what communications and much more. But you can also "break your head", determine several parameters and compare them with known data.

This requires:

• Find out the year of construction.
• Clarify the material that was used as a basis.
• The region in which the house is built.
• Number of storeys of the house.
• The number of rooms in the apartment.

After that, look on the Internet, find a special reference book in which the received data is entered, and enter your information. After that, you will be provided with several options with photos, in which you can easily find your home.

Another way to recognize the series of a brick house is to simply compare the appearance from the proposed options on the Internet. The probability of a coincidence is small, since many houses practically do not differ in appearance, but their series is different, so it is better to contact the house management service.

Conclusion

House series is important only in cases when it is necessary to sell or buy an apartment, make repairs and check the building for breakdowns. We cannot say that we have listed all the existing series of brick buildings, but most of the exploited houses of the Soviet era are described.

And resource-consuming raw materials industries.

The first four-story frame-panel house in the USSR was built in 1948 in Moscow on the 5th street. Falcon Mountain (G. Kuznetsov, B. Smirnov). Currently, its address is Budenny Avenue, 43. At this time, the country's leadership set the task to the builders to create the cheapest possible residential building project with the possibility of family settlement (that is, with separate, not communal apartments). The first stage in this task was the introduction of the idea of ​​industrial panel housing construction with a load-bearing frame. In 1948-1951, M.V. Posokhin, A.A.Mndoyants and V.P. Lagutenko built up a quarter in Moscow (Kuusinena, Zorge streets) with 10-storey frame-panel houses. In the same year, a project for a frameless panel house was developed (built since 1950 in Magnitogorsk). In 1954 in Moscow on the 6th street. A 7-storey frameless panel house was built on October Field (G. Kuznetsov, B. Smirnov, L. Wrangel, Z. Nesterova, N. A. Osterman). Khrushchevs, the design of which has been carried out since the late 1940s, went into series after the historic 1955 decree "On the elimination of excesses in design and construction" the line of the Party and the Government in the architectural and construction business. ... Soviet architecture should be characterized by simplicity, severity of forms and economy of solutions ").

The ideological and scientific rationale for the new course was reduced to the following points:

The turning point was the 1956 resolutions “On measures to further industrialize, improve the quality and reduce the cost of construction” and 1957 “On the development of housing construction in the USSR”. The task of the party to the builders was to develop projects by the fall of 1956 that would sharply reduce the cost of building housing and make it accessible to workers. This is how the famous "Khrushchevs" appeared. The goal of the project was for each Soviet family to meet communism in a separate apartment in 1980.

However, by the mid-1980s, only 85% of families had separate apartments: in 1986, Mikhail Gorbachev pushed back the terms by 15 years, putting forward the slogan "Each Soviet family - a separate apartment by 2000".

Block buildings (German. Plattenbau), built in Berlin and Dresden since the 1920s. The construction of residential buildings "Khrushchev" lasted from 1959 to 1985. In 1956-1965 more than 13 thousand were built in the USSR [ ] residential buildings, and almost all are five-story buildings. This allowed 110 million square meters of housing to be commissioned annually. An appropriate production base and infrastructure was created: house-building factories, reinforced concrete factories, etc. The first house-building factories were created in 1959 in the Glavleningradstroy system, in 1962 they were organized in Moscow and other cities. In particular, during the period 1966-1970 in Leningrad, 942 thousand people received living space, with 809 thousand moving into new houses and 133 thousand receiving space in old houses. Since 1960, the construction of residential 9-storey panel houses has been underway, since 1963 - 12-storey ones.

Technology

Among the typical, large-panel residential buildings are the most widespread.

Components of a panel house, which are large reinforced concrete slabs that are manufactured in factories. In the factory, reinforced concrete products are manufactured according to the existing GOSTs, therefore it is assumed that their quality should differ in a positive direction from the products produced directly at the construction site. Ready-made parts of the structure are delivered to the construction site, which the builders only have to assemble. As a result, labor productivity on such a building is very high. The area of ​​the construction site is much smaller than that required for the construction of a brick house. The main advantage of panel construction over monolithic construction is the absence of large volumes of reinforcement and concreting installations directly on the construction site.

List of series of residential buildings

1940s

Since 1947, the USSR Academy of Architecture has been developing a prefabricated large-panel dwelling. Frame-panel and frameless houses are being built:

• 4-5-storey (Moscow, Leningrad, Magnitogorsk)
• 8-storey with panels on two floors (Moscow)

1950s

The height of 5 floors was chosen because, according to the norms of that time, it was the highest number of storeys at which it was allowed to build houses without an elevator (however, sometimes houses of 6 floors were also built - with a store on the ground floor).

• II-01
• II-02
• II-03
• II-04
• II-05
• II-08
• Mm 1-3. One of the not very well-known series of five-storey residential buildings, was built in 1956-1959. Cities of distribution - Moscow (north of the city), pos. Rublyovo.
• 1-440. Developer: Workshop im. Vesnina, 1958 Distribution cities - USSR (all-Union series).
• 1-149. Developers: Gorstroyproekt (Moscow) and PO Box 53 (a construction company that served nuclear facilities). It is found in the centers of the nuclear industry (Sarov, Zheleznogorsk, Pervouralsk, etc.), as well as in the Novosibirsk Academgorodok (a quarter of the historical housing stock of the Upper Zone).

The series developed during the reign of Khrushchev are often called "Khrushchevs". They differed in a number of inconveniences:

• small and often irrational sizes of kitchens and living rooms,
• narrow corridors and stairwells,
• low ceilings,
• walk-through rooms,
• combined bathrooms,
• poor sound insulation,
• insufficient thermal insulation - coolness in winter and, conversely, heat in summer (especially on the upper floors),
• a number of imperfections during construction, which residents often had to fix on their own.

1960s

• Complex series 135 - Complex series 135 includes projects of large-panel buildings for various purposes for construction in the city, as well as in the countryside. Projects have been developed for one-, two-, three-, four-, five-, nine-, twelve-story houses and a different set of block sections for them, allowing you to assemble houses of various configurations and lengths, dormitories of various capacities, dormitories of sanatoriums, rest homes, schools, kindergartens, nurseries, houses with built-in and attached shops and other public premises.
• 4570-73 / 75 Developed by the 1st Central Military Project of the Ministry of Defense. Typical 5-storey buildings for building military garrisons.

1980s

In the early 1980s, a series of KOPE (composite volumetric planning elements) developed under the leadership of the architect A.G. Rochegov was proposed in Moscow, intended for the development of "buffer zones" between new buildings and protected zones of architectural monuments and zones of mass development, as well as for "Revitalization" of the existing areas. The first houses of this series were erected in 1982 near Vorontsovsky Park. The project provided for the possibility of building houses up to 22 floors. At the same time, standard panel houses continued to be built in many districts of Moscow and other cities of the USSR.

1990s

The territories of the demolished 5-storey panel houses are being built up with 17-25-storey residential buildings, mainly with new series of panel houses. Also, continuing to build panel houses of the 1988-1991 series, in 1995 they began to build brick panel houses with beige polygonal clapboard triangles [ ] .

2000s

• HMS-1
• I-1723 - External walls - made of bricks, internal structure - from panels
• I-1724
• KOPE - Height of living quarters - 2.64 m. The series represents houses from layout (catalog) space-planning elements (abbreviated as “KOPE”), representing a vertical block in the height of the house and part of the section in the plan. Combined "KOPE" form dwelling-houses-complexes of various architecture.
• Kope-m-sail - More than 60% of the area of ​​the facades - glass
• MES-84
• P-3M - Height of living quarters - 2.64 m. Type - panel houses. Number of storeys from 8 to 17.
• P-44T - modification of the P-44 series, the main project of DSK-1
• P-44TM - in comparison with P-44T, the area of ​​apartments is increased
• PB-02 - both panels and blocks are used in construction
• Series 75
• Series 87 (Ukraine)
• Series 83 (111-83) Series 83 houses were intended to replace the series 1-468.
• Series 93m (111-93m) 1985 Developer: Murmanskgrazhdanproekt, 9-10 floors.
• Series 135 modified in 2012. Type - panel houses. Number of storeys - from 3 to 9. Cross-wall structural system with load-bearing transverse walls, with two internal and two external longitudinal load-bearing walls (maximum spacing of load-bearing walls - 6.3 m), internal longitudinal walls are located continuously along the entire length of the building. Working drawings of standard modified projects are developed according to the block-element method. For areas with seismicity of 8 points, standard designs are used 135-014s-9 m, 135-015s-9 m, 135-014s-9 m, etc.
• Series 141 (121-141)
• Series 182 "Mobile"
• Series 90LO and 90LO-m
• "Contact-SP"
• Series "Makarovskaya" or "Optima"

Series of monolithic houses

see also

• Khrushchev, stalinka, brezhnevka
• Barracks - In the USSR, barracks were one of the main types of workers' housing before the start of mass housing construction.
• Redevelopment
• Residential complex "Pruit-Igou" in St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
• Rooftop walks
• MZhK ( youth residential complex)
• Organizational recruitment - In the 1980s, the organizational recruitment was combined with the appeal of young people to fill the regional capacities of house-building factories as part of the programs for the creation of MZhK.
• Modular buildings - buildings assembled from one or more block modules with planning and finishing, are placed without a foundation (up to two floors), can be easily dismantled and transported to another place.

Notes (edit)

1. EIRTS VAO district Novokosino
2. although for many people a room in communal apartments in the first years of Soviet power was an improvement in their living conditions, allowing them to move out of corners and basements;